绗?/p>
1
绔?/p>
寰瀷璁＄畻鏈虹郴缁?/p>
銆斾範棰?/p>
1.1
銆曠畝绛旈
锛?/p>
2
锛夋�荤嚎淇″彿鍒嗘垚鍝笁缁勪俊鍙凤紵
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
PC
鏈轰富瀛橀噰鐢?/p>
DRAM
缁勬垚杩樻槸
SRAM
缁勬垚锛?/p>
锛?/p>
5
锛?/p>
ROM-BIOS
鏄粈涔堬紵
锛?/p>
6
锛変腑鏂槸浠�涔堬紵
锛?/p>
9
锛夊鐞嗗櫒鐨勨�滃彇鎸囷紞璇戠爜锛嶆墽琛屽懆鏈熲�濇槸鎸囦粈涔堬紵
銆旇В绛斻�?/p>
鈶?/p>
鎬荤嚎淇″彿鍒嗘垚涓夌粍锛屽垎鍒槸鏁版嵁鎬荤嚎銆佸湴鍧�鎬荤嚎鍜屾帶鍒舵�荤嚎銆?/p>
鈶?/p>
PC
鏈轰富瀛橀噰鐢?/p>
DRAM
缁勬垚銆?/p>
鈶?/p>
ROM-BIOS
鏄�滃熀鏈緭鍏ヨ緭鍑虹郴缁熲�濓紝鎿嶄綔绯荤粺閫氳繃瀵?/p>
BIOS
鐨勮皟鐢ㄩ┍
鍔ㄥ悇纭欢璁惧锛岀敤鎴蜂篃鍙互鍦ㄥ簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忎腑璋冪敤
BIOS
涓殑璁稿鍔熻兘銆?/p>
鈶?/p>
涓柇鏄?/p>
CPU
姝ｅ父鎵ц绋嬪簭鐨勬祦绋嬭鏌愮鍘熷洜鎵撴柇銆佸苟鏆傛椂鍋滄锛岃浆鍚戞墽
琛屼簨鍏堝畨鎺掑ソ鐨勪竴娈靛鐞嗙▼搴忥紝
寰呰澶勭悊绋嬪簭缁撴潫鍚庝粛杩斿洖琚腑鏂殑鎸囦护缁х画鎵?/p>
琛岀殑杩囩▼銆?/p>
鈶?/p>
鎸囦护鐨勫鐞嗚繃绋嬨�傚鐞嗗櫒鐨勨�滃彇鎸団�旇瘧鐮佲�旀墽琛屽懆鏈熲�?/p>
鏄寚澶勭悊鍣ㄤ粠涓?/p>
瀛樺偍鍣ㄨ鍙栨寚浠わ紙绠�绉板彇鎸囷級锛岀炕璇戞寚浠や唬鐮佺殑鍔熻兘锛堢畝绉拌瘧鐮侊級锛岀劧鍚庢墽琛屾寚
浠ゆ墍瑙勫畾鐨勬搷浣滐紙绠�绉版墽琛岋級鐨勮繃绋嬨�?/p>
銆斾範棰?/p>
1.3
銆曞～绌洪
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
Intel
8086
鏀寔
___________
瀹归噺涓诲瓨绌洪棿锛?/p>
80486
鏀寔
___________
瀹?/p>
閲忎富瀛樼┖闂淬�?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛変簩杩涘埗
16
浣嶅叡鏈?/p>
___________
涓紪鐮佺粍鍚堬紝濡傛灉涓�浣嶅搴斿鐞嗗櫒涓�涓?/p>
鍦板潃淇″彿锛?/p>
16
浣嶅湴鍧�淇″彿鍏辫兘瀵诲潃
___________
瀹归噺涓诲瓨绌洪棿銆?/p>
锛?/p>
9
锛?/p>
鏈�鍒濈敱
鍏徃閲囩敤
Intel 8088
澶勭悊鍣ㄥ拰
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鎺ㄥ嚭
PC
鏈恒�?/p>
鈶?/p>
1MB
锛?/p>
4GB
鈶?/p>
2
16
锛?/p>
64KB
锛?/p>
9
锛?/p>
IBM,DOS
銆斾範棰?/p>
1.4
銆曡鏄庡井鍨嬭绠楁満绯荤粺鐨勭‖浠剁粍鎴愬強鍚勯儴鍒嗕綔鐢ㄣ�?/p>
銆旇В绛斻�?/p>
CPU
锛?/p>
CPU
涔熺О澶勭悊鍣紝鏄井鏈虹殑鏍稿績銆傚畠閲囩敤澶ц妯￠泦鎴愮數璺姱鐗囷紝鑺墖
鍐呴泦鎴愪簡鎺у埗鍣ㄣ�?/p>
杩愮畻鍣ㄥ拰鑻ュ共楂橀�熷瓨鍌ㄥ崟鍏?/p>
锛堝嵆瀵勫瓨鍣級銆?/p>
澶勭悊鍣ㄥ強鍏舵敮鎸佺數
璺瀯鎴愪簡寰満绯荤粺鐨勬帶鍒朵腑蹇冿紝瀵圭郴缁熺殑鍚勪釜閮ㄤ欢杩涜缁熶竴鐨勫崗璋冨拰鎺у埗銆?/p>
瀛樺偍鍣細瀛樺偍鍣ㄦ槸瀛樻斁绋嬪簭鍜屾暟鎹殑閮ㄤ欢銆?/p>
澶栭儴璁惧锛氬閮ㄨ澶囨槸鎸囧彲涓庡井鏈鸿繘琛屼氦浜掔殑杈撳叆锛?/p>
Input
锛夎澶囧拰杈撳嚭
锛?/p>
Output
锛夎澶囷紝涔熺О
I/O
璁惧銆?/p>
I/O
璁惧閫氳繃
I/O
鎺ュ彛涓庝富鏈鸿繛鎺ャ�?/p>
鎬荤嚎锛氫簰杩炲悇涓儴浠剁殑鍏辩敤閫氶亾锛屼富瑕佸惈鏁版嵁鎬荤嚎銆佸湴鍧�鎬荤嚎鍜屾帶鍒舵�荤嚎淇?