鍏叧妗堜緥鍒嗘瀽
1
锛氭湰鐢扮殑鐪煎厜
涓�銆佹渚嬩粙缁?/p>
鍦ㄧ幇浠ｇぞ浼氫腑锛屽奖鍝嶄紒涓氬彂灞曠殑鍚勭鍥犵礌瓒婃潵瓒婂锛岃兘鍚﹀強鏃跺彂鐜板拰璇嗗埆涓庣粍缁囧彂灞曠浉
鍏崇殑鍏紬瀵硅薄锛屾剰涔夊崄鍒嗛噸澶с�傛寜鐓т紶缁熻蹇碉紝缇庡浗鐨勭幆淇濊繍鍔ㄤ笌鏃ユ湰鐨勫伐涓氭槸娌℃湁浠�涔堝叧
绯荤殑锛屽洜姝わ紝
1975
骞存湁鍑犱釜缇庡浗鐜繚涓讳箟鑰呭埌鏃ユ湰鍘昏皥璁烘苯杞﹀簾姘旈棶棰樻椂锛屽氨鍙楀埌浜嗘棩浜с�?/p>
涓扮敯杩欎簺澶ф苯杞﹀叕鍙哥殑鍐疯惤銆備絾鏄紝鐩村埌
1963
骞存墠寮�濮嬬敓浜х涓�鎵规苯杞︾殑鏈敯鍏徃锛屽叾鎬?/p>
瑁佸嵈鐙叿鎱х溂锛屼粬浠庤繖浜涗汉鐨勬椿鍔ㄤ腑鍙戠幇浜嗘湁鐢ㄧ殑淇℃伅銆備负姝わ紝璇ュ叕鍙告淳浜烘妸杩欐壒浜鸿鍒板叕
鍙革紝鐑儏娆惧緟锛屽涓轰笂瀹撅紝骞惰浠栦滑缁欒璁′汉鍛樿瑙ｇ幆淇濅富涔夎�呯殑瑕佹眰浠ュ強缇庡浗鍥戒細
1970
骞撮�氳繃鐨勫噣鍖栫┖姘旀硶妗堢殑鍐呭銆傚湪杩欎竴鍩虹涓婏紝鏈敯鍏徃寮�濮嬩簡鏂板瀷姹借溅鐨勮璁★紝纭畾鐨勮
璁＄洰鏍囪绐佸嚭鈥滃噺灏戞帓搴熲�濆拰鈥滆妭鐪佹苯娌光�濊繖鏍蜂袱涓紭鍔裤�傚湪鏈敯鐨勬柊浜у搧鈥斺�斾富姹界几鏃佹湁
涓�杈呭姪姹界几鐨勨�滃鍚堝彲鎺ф棆娑″紡鐕冪儳鈥濇苯杞﹂潰涓栦竴涓湀鍚庯紝灏遍亣涓婁簡绗竴娆＄煶娌瑰嵄鏈恒�傛湰鐢?/p>
姹借溅鍑�熸帓搴熷皯銆?/p>
鐪佹苯娌圭殑浼樺娍锛?/p>
涓�涓炬墦杩涚編鍥藉競鍦猴紝
鍏徃鎬昏鍥犳璧㈠緱浜嗘棩鏈鐗圭殑澹拌獕銆?/p>
浜屻�佹渚嬪垎鏋?/p>
浠婂ぉ锛屼俊鎭�佺墿璐ㄥ拰鑳芥簮宸茬粡琚柣涓虹幇浠ｇ粡娴庡拰绀句細鍙戝睍鐨勪笁澶ф敮鏌便�傛妸淇℃伅浣滀负璧勬簮
鏉ヨ璇嗭紝鏄紒涓氬彇寰楀法澶у彂灞曞拰鎴愬姛鐨勫熀鏈绱犮�傛湰鐢板叕鍙哥殑鎴愬姛鍏朵腑閲嶈鐨勪竴鐐瑰氨鏄敞閲?/p>
淇℃伅鐨勫缁存�у拰鍏ㄩ潰鎬с�傚叕鍏卞叧绯诲熀鏈師鐞嗗憡璇夋垜浠細绀句細鍏紬鏄缁寸殑锛屾湁鏈虹殑锛屽嵆浼佷笟
鐨勫叕浼椾笉浠呮槸涓庝紒涓氬彂鐢熺洿鎺ョ殑涓氬姟寰�鏉ョ殑鍥綋鍜屼釜浜猴紝鑰屼笖鍖呮嫭涓庝紒涓氬苟琛岀殑绔炰簤鑰呫�佷笌
浼佷笟杩涜缁忚惀娲诲姩灞呬簬鍚屼竴绌洪棿鐨勭ぞ鍖哄叕浼楋紝
瓒呯劧浜庝紒涓氫箣澶栨垨涔嬩笂鐨勬斂搴滈儴闂ㄤ互鍙婅繘琛屾暣
涓ぞ浼氱殑浼犳挱娲诲姩鐨勫ぇ浼楀獟浠嬫満鏋勨�斺�旀柊闂诲崟浣嶇瓑銆傜ぞ浼氬叕浼楃浉浜掍綔鐢ㄣ�佺浉浜掑埗绾︺�佸叡鍚屾瀯
鎴愪紒涓氱殑缁忚惀鐜銆傚洜姝わ紝绀句細鍏紬瀵逛紒涓氱殑褰卞搷锛屼笉浠呮槸鐩存帴鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝鑰屼笖鏄�氳繃浣滅敤浜?/p>
鍏朵粬绀句細鍏紬杩涜�屼綔鐢ㄤ簬浼佷笟鐨勯棿鎺ュ奖鍝嶃�傛墍浠ュ叕鍏卞叧绯荤殑淇℃伅閲囬泦鏄缁寸殑鍜屽叏闈㈢殑銆傛湰
鐢板叕鍙歌璁＄敓浜р�滃噺灏戞帓搴熲�?/p>
銆?/p>
鈥滆妭鐪佹苯娌光�濈殑鏂板瀷姹借溅鐨勫喅绛栵紝灏辨槸鍦ㄧ患鍚堟湰鐢版苯杞︽秷璐硅�?/p>
淇℃伅銆佺珛娉曚俊鎭互鍙婅兘婧愪俊鎭瓑涓夋柟闈俊鎭�屽仛鍑虹殑銆?/p>
2
锛氱豢鑹查害褰撳姵
涓�銆佹渚嬩粙缁?/p>
鐜姹℃煋鍜屾伓鍖栭棶棰樻寮曡捣涓栫晫鍚勮鍚勪笟鐨勫叧鍒囧拰閲嶈銆?/p>
鍏ㄧ悆闂诲悕鐨勫揩椁愮帇鍥介害褰撳姵涔?/p>
绉瀬銆佷富鍔ㄥ湴鍔犲叆浜嗘湁鐩婁簬鐜淇濇姢鐨勮鍒椼�?/p>
鍦ㄧ編鍥斤紝浠?/p>
70
骞翠唬璧凤紝閫熼涓氬凡鏈夐ケ鍜屼箣璇达紝浣嗛害褰撳姵锛堝揩椁愰鍝侊級鍗翠互鍏舵棤鍧氫笉鎽?/p>
涔嬪娍椋庤涓栫晫锛屽嚑涔庢棤澶勪笉鍙楁杩庛�傛椂杩囧杩侊紝鍒颁簡
1988
骞达紝楹﹀綋鍔冲洜鍏舵瘡澶╅兘鍒堕�犲瀮鍦?/p>
鈥斺�斿簾寮冪殑鍖呰鐗╋紝鍙堥�愭笎鎴愪负鐜繚浜哄＋鏀诲嚮鐨勫璞°�?/p>
楹﹀綋鍔抽噰鐢ㄧ殑鏄�滀繚涓介緳鈥濊礉澹冲紡鍖呰銆傝繖绉嶅寘瑁呮棦杞诲張淇濇俯锛屼笖鎼哄甫鏂逛究锛屾槸閫熼涓?/p>
鐞嗘兂鐨勫寘瑁呫�備絾杩欑鍖呰闅句互澶勭悊锛屽姞涔嬪甯﹂鐢ㄧ殑姣斾緥杩囬珮锛屽簾寮冨寘瑁呯墿鐨勬竻鐞嗗氨鎴愪簡濞?/p>
鑳佺幆澧冪殑闂銆傚瘜鏈夌幆淇濇剰璇嗙殑浜轰滑銆佸挨鍏舵槸骞磋交鐨勪竴浠ｇ悍绾峰湴鍚戝叾鎬诲叕鍙稿瘎鏉ヤ簡鎶楄淇°�?/p>
鍏徃褰撳眬鎰忚瘑鍒拌繖浜涙姉璁皢濞佽儊鍒颁紒涓氭湭鏉ョ殑鐢熷瓨锛岃�屼笖鍖呰鍙鏄�熼涓氱殑鐏甸瓊锛岄�熼涓?/p>
鑷村姏浜庡寘瑁呯殑寮�鍙戯紝鍏堕噸瑕佺▼搴﹀苟涓嶄簹浜庤彍鍗曠殑鏈韩銆?/p>
璁稿浼佷笟闈㈠鐜繚闂锛屽簲浠樼殑鍔炴硶涓嶅涔庢槸鎺ㄣ�佹嫋銆佹媺锛?/p>
浣嗛害褰撳姵娌℃湁杩欐牱鍋氥�傚畠
寰楃姜涓嶈捣娑堣垂鑰咃紝涓嶄粎蹇呴』鏈夋墍琛屽姩锛岃�屼笖瑕佸叕寮�鍦板仛銆備负浜嗗钩鎭姉璁紝瀹冧笉寰椾笉瀵绘眰鐜繚
浜哄＋鐨勫崗鍔┿�?/p>
1990
骞?/p>
8
鏈堬紝楹﹀綋鍔冲拰鈥滅幆澧冮槻鍗熀閲戜細鈥?/p>
锛?/p>
EDF
锛夌缃蹭簡
涓�椤逛笉瀵诲父鐨勫崗
瀹氥�?/p>
EDF
鏄編鍥戒竴涓緢杩涙鐨勭幆淇濈爺绌跺強瀹ｄ紶鏈烘瀯銆?/p>