1
4.8
瀵嗙珛鏍规补婊村疄楠屸�斺�旂數瀛愮數鑽风殑娴嬮噺
瀹為獙绠�浠?/p>
瀵嗙珛鏍?/p>
(Robert Andrews Millikan
锛?/p>
1868
锝?/p>
1953
锛岀編鍥界墿鐞嗗瀹?/p>
)
浜?/p>
1907
骞村紑濮嬶紝缁?/p>
鍘?/p>
7
骞存椂闂达紝鐢ㄦ补婊存硶鐩存帴璇佸疄浜嗏�滅數鈥濈殑涓嶈繛缁�э紝骞剁敤瀹為獙鐨勬柟娉曠洿鎺ユ祴閲忎簡鐢靛瓙鐨勭數
鑽烽噺锛岃繖灏辨槸钁楀悕鐨勫瘑绔嬫牴娌规淮瀹為獙锛屽畠鏄繎浠ｇ墿鐞嗗鍙戝睍鍙蹭腑鍏锋湁閲嶈鎰忎箟鐨勫疄楠屻�傚洜
瀵瑰熀鏈數鑽峰拰鍏夌數鏁堝簲鐨勫伐浣滐紝瀵嗙珛鏍硅崳鑾?/p>
1932
骞村害璇鸿礉灏旂墿鐞嗗濂栥�?/p>
瀹為獙鐩殑
1
锛?/p>
閫氳繃瀵瑰甫鐢垫补婊村湪閲嶅姏鍦哄拰闈欑數鍦轰腑杩愬姩鐨勬祴閲忥紝楠岃瘉鐢佃嵎鐨勪笉杩炵画鎬э紝
骞舵祴瀹氱數
瀛愮殑鐢佃嵎
e
銆?/p>
2
锛庝簡瑙ｃ�佹帉鎻″瘑绔嬫牴娌规淮瀹為獙鐨勮璁℃�濇兂銆佸疄楠屾柟娉曞拰瀹為獙鎶�宸с�?/p>
瀹為獙鍘熺悊
鐢ㄦ补婊存硶娴嬮噺鐢靛瓙鐨勭數鑽凤紝闇�瑕佹祴閲忔补婊寸殑甯︾數閲?/p>
q
锛屽彲浠ョ敤闈欐�侊紙骞宠 锛夋祴閲忔硶鎴?/p>
鍔ㄦ�侊紙闈炲钩琛★級娴嬮噺娉曟祴
q
锛屼篃鍙互閫氳繃鏀瑰彉娌规淮鐨勫甫鐢甸噺锛岀敤闈欐�佹硶鎴栧姩鎬佹硶娴嬮噺娌规淮
甯︾數閲忕殑鏀瑰彉閲忋�傛祴閲忔柟娉曞垎鏋愬涓嬶細
涓�锛庨潤鎬侊紙骞宠 锛夋祴閲忔硶銆?/p>
鐢ㄥ柗闆惧櫒灏嗘补鍠峰叆涓ゅ潡鐩歌窛涓?/p>
d
鐨勬按骞虫斁缃殑骞宠鏋?
鏉夸箣闂淬�傛补鍦ㄥ柗灏勬挄瑁傛垚娌规淮鏃讹紝涓�鑸兘鏄甫鐢电殑銆傝娌规淮
鐨勮川閲忎负
m
锛屾墍甯︾殑鐢佃嵎涓?/p>
q
锛屼袱鍧楁瀬鏉块棿鐨勭數鍘嬩负
U
锛屽垯
娌规淮鍦ㄥ钩琛屾瀬鏉块棿灏嗗悓鏃跺彈鍒伴噸鍔?/p>
mg
鍜岄潤鐢靛姏
qE
鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ�?
濡傚浘锛?/p>
4.8-2
锛夋墍绀恒�傚鏋滆皟鑺備袱鏋佹澘闂寸殑鐢靛帇
U
锛屽彲浣胯繖涓?/p>
涓姏杈惧埌骞宠 锛岃繖鏃?/p>
U
mg
qE
q
d
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
锛?/p>
4.8-1
锛?/p>
浠庡紡锛?/p>
4.8-1
锛夊彲瑙侊紝涓轰簡娴嬪嚭娌规淮鎵�甯︾數閲?/p>
q
锛岄櫎浜嗛渶娴嬪畾骞宠 鐢靛帇
U
鍜屾瀬鏉块棿璺濈
d
澶栵紝
杩橀渶瑕佹祴閲忔补婊寸殑璐ㄩ噺
m
銆?/p>
鍥犱负
m
寰堝皬锛?/p>
闇�瑕佺敤濡備笅鐗规畩鏂规硶娴嬪畾锛?/p>
骞宠鏋佹澘涓嶅姞鐢靛帇鏃讹紝
娌规淮鍙楅噸鍔涗綔鐢ㄨ�屽姞閫熶笅闄嶏紝
鐢变簬绌烘皵绮樻粸闃诲姏鐨勪綔鐢紝
涓嬮檷涓�瀹氳窛绂昏揪鍒?/p>
鏌愪竴閫熷害
v
g
鍚庯紝
闃诲姏涓庨噸鍔?/p>
mg
骞宠 锛?/p>
濡傚浘
4.8-3
鎵�绀?/p>
锛堢┖姘旀诞鍔涘拷鐣ヤ笉璁★級
锛?/p>
娌规淮灏嗗寑閫熶笅闄?/p>
銆傛牴鎹柉鎵樺厠鏂畾寰嬶紝娌规淮鍖�閫熶笅闄嶆椂
6
g
f
a
v
mg
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
(4.8-2)
寮忎腑锛?/p>
飦?/p>
鏄┖姘旂殑绮樻粸绯绘暟锛?/p>
a
鏄补婊寸殑鍗婂緞锛堢敱浜庤〃闈㈠紶鍔涚殑鍘熷洜锛屾补婊?
q
E
m
g
d
V
鍥?/p>
4.8-2
f
r
m
g
v
g