鍒嗘瀽鍖栧缁冧範棰?/p>
绗笁閮ㄥ垎
閰哥⒈婊村畾
涓�锛庡～绌猴細
1
锛庡凡鐭ユ煇閰?/p>
Ka=10
-5
锛屽叾鍏辫江纰辩殑
pKb=
锛?/p>
锛夈�?/p>
2
锛庣敤
0.100mol
L
-1
HCl
婧舵恫婊村畾鍚屾祿搴?/p>
NaOH
婧舵恫锛屽叾
pH
绐佽穬鑼冨洿鏄?/p>
9.7~4.3
锛岃嫢
HCl
鍜?/p>
NaOH
婧舵恫娴撳害鍧囧噺灏?/p>
10
鍊嶏紝鍒?/p>
PH
绐佽穬鑼冨洿鏄紙
锛夈�?/p>
3
锛庢牴鎹吀纰辫川瀛愮悊璁?/p>
OH
-
鐨勫叡杞吀鏄紙
锛夛紱
HOAc
鐨勫叡杞⒈鏄紙
锛夈�?/p>
4
锛庢憾娑蹭腑閰哥⒈鎸囩ず鍓傜殑棰滆壊鏄敱鍏辫江閰哥⒈瀵圭殑锛?/p>
锛夊�煎喅瀹氱殑銆傞吀纰辨寚绀哄墏鐨勭悊璁哄彉鑹?/p>
鑼冨洿鏄紙
锛夛紝鐞嗚鍙樿壊鐐逛负锛?/p>
锛夈�?/p>
5
锛庨吀纰辨淮瀹氭椂锛岄吀锛堢⒈锛夌殑
Ka
锛?/p>
K
b
锛夊�艰秺锛?/p>
锛夛紝閰革紙纰憋級鐨勬祿搴﹁秺锛?/p>
锛夛紝鍏?/p>
pH
绐佽穬鑼冨洿瓒婂ぇ銆?/p>
6
锛庡湪閰哥⒈婊村畾鍒嗘瀽涓紝绗﹀彿
未
绉颁负缁勫垎鐨勶紙
锛夛紝
未
鐨勫ぇ灏忚鏄庢煇绉嶅瓨鍦ㄥ舰寮忓湪婧舵恫涓?/p>
锛?/p>
锛夌殑澶у皬銆?/p>
7
锛庡鍏冮吀鑳借鍒嗘鍑嗙‘婊村畾鐨勬潯浠舵槸
(1)
锛?/p>
锛夛紱
(2)
锛?/p>
锛夈�?/p>
浜岋紟閫夋嫨锛?/p>
1
锛庝笅鍒楀悇缁勯吀纰卞涓紝灞炰簬鍏辫江閰哥⒈瀵圭殑鏄?/p>
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
H
2
CO
3
----CO
3
2-
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
H
3
+
O----OH
-
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
HPO
4
2-
----PO
4
3-
锛?/p>
D
锛?/p>
NH
3
+
CH
2
COOH----NH
2
CH
2
COO
-
2
锛?/p>
NaHCO
3
鍦ㄦ按婧舵恫涓殑璐ㄥ瓙鏉′欢寮忎负
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
[H
+
] + [H
2
CO
3
] = [CO
3
2-
] + [OH
-
]
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
[H
+
] + 2[H
2
CO
3
] = [CO
3
2-
] + [OH
-
]
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
[H
+
]
=
[CO
3
2-
]
+
[OH
-
]
锛?/p>
D
锛?/p>
[H
+
]
+
[HCO
3
-
]
=
[CO
3
2-
]
+
[OH
-
]
+
[H
2
CO
3
]
3
锛庢祿搴︿负
c
鐨勫急閰歌兘澶熺敤鏍囧噯纰辩洿鎺ユ淮瀹氱殑鏉′欢鏄?/p>
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
c路Ka鈮?0
-4
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
c路Ka鈮?0
-8
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
c路Ka鈮?0
-6
锛?/p>
D
锛?/p>
c路Ka鈮?0
-5
4
锛庨吀纰辨淮瀹氭硶閫夋嫨鎸囩ず鍓傛椂鍙互涓嶈�冭檻鐨勫洜绱犳槸
锛?/p>
A
锛夋淮瀹氱獊璺冪殑鑼冨洿
锛?/p>
B
锛夋寚绀哄墏鐨勫彉鑹茶寖鍥?/p>
锛?/p>
C
锛夋寚绀哄墏鐨勯鑹插彉鍖?/p>
锛?/p>
D
锛夋寚绀哄墏鐩稿鍒嗗瓙璐ㄩ噺鐨勫ぇ灏?/p>
5
锛?/p>
鐢ㄥ悓涓�
NaOH
婧舵恫鍒嗗埆婊村畾浣撶Н鐩哥瓑鐨?/p>
H
2
SO
4
鍜?/p>
HAc
婧舵恫锛?/p>
娑堣�楃殑浣撶Н鐩哥瓑銆?/p>
璇存槑
H
2
SO
4
鍜?/p>
HAc
涓ゆ憾娑?/p>
锛?/p>
A
锛夋阿绂诲瓙娴撳害鐩哥瓑
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
H
2
SO
4
鍜?/p>
HAc
鐨勬祿搴︾浉绛?/p>
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
H
2
SO
4
鐨勬祿搴︿负
HAc
鐨勬祿搴︾殑
1/2
锛?/p>
D
锛?/p>
H
2
SO
4
鍜?/p>
HAc
鐨勭數绂诲害鐩哥瓑
6
锛庣敤
0.10mol路
L
-1
HCl
婧舵恫婊村畾
0.16g
绾?/p>
Na
2
CO
3
(
鍏舵懇灏旇川閲忎负
106g路
mol
-1
)
鑷崇敳鍩烘鍙樿壊涓?/p>
缁堢偣锛岀害闇�
HCl
婧舵恫
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
10mL
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
20mL
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
30mL
锛?/p>
D
锛?/p>
40mL
7
锛庨厤鍒?/p>
NaOH
鏍囧噯婧舵恫鐨勮瘯鍓備腑鍚湁灏戦噺
Na
2
CO
3
锛屽綋鐢?/p>
HCl
鏍囧噯婧舵恫鏍囧畾璇?/p>
NaOH
婧舵恫
鏃讹紝鑻ヤ互鐢插熀姗欎綔鎸囩ず鍓傛爣瀹氱殑娴撳害涓?/p>
C
1
锛屼互閰氶厼浣滄寚绀哄墏鏍囧畾鐨勬祿搴︿负
C
2
锛屽垯
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
C
1
锛?/p>
C
2
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
C
1
锛?/p>
C
2
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
C
1
=C
2
锛?/p>
D
锛変笉鑳芥淮瀹?/p>
8
锛庡凡鐭?/p>
0.10 mol路
L
-1
涓�鍏冨急閰?/p>
锛?/p>
HB
锛?/p>
婧舵恫鐨?/p>
pH=3.0
锛?/p>
0.10 mol路
L
-1
璇ラ吀鐨勫叡杞⒈
NaB
鐨?/p>
pH
鏄?/p>
(A)11
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
9.0
(C) 8.5
(D) 9.5
涓夛紟鍒ゆ柇锛?/p>
1
锛庡湪涓嶅悓
pH
鏉′欢涓嬶紝
[OAc
-
]
鍜?/p>
[HAc]
鏄彉鍖栫殑锛屼絾
c (HOAc) = [OAc
-
] + [HAc]
鏄笉鍙樼殑銆?/p>
2
锛庣敱浜庡悇绉嶉吀纰辨寚绀哄墏鐨?/p>
K
锛?/p>
HIn
锛夊�间笉鍚岋紝鎵�浠ユ寚绀哄墏鍙樿壊鐨?/p>
pH
涓嶅悓銆?/p>
3
锛庢祴瀹氭贩鍚堢⒈婧舵恫鏃讹紝鍒嗗埆鐢ㄧ敳鍩烘鍜岄厷閰炲仛鎸囩ず鍓傦紝杩涜杩炵画婊村畾銆傚亣濡傛秷鑰?/p>
HCl
浣撶Н
V
1
锛?/p>
V
2
锛屽垯娣峰悎纰变竴瀹氱敱
NaOH
鍜?/p>
Na
2
CO
3
缁勬垚銆?/p>
4
锛?/p>
Na
2
B
4
O
7
路
10H
2
O
浣滀负鍩哄噯鐗╄川锛?/p>
鐢ㄦ潵鏍囧畾
HCl
婧舵恫鐨勬祿搴︼紝
鏈変汉灏嗗叾缃簬骞茬嚗鍣ㄤ腑淇濆瓨銆?/p>
杩欐牱瀵规爣瀹?/p>
HCl
婧舵恫娴撳害骞舵棤褰卞搷銆?/p>
5
锛庡浜庝笁鍏冨急閰?/p>
PKa
2
+PKb
2
=PKw