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Chapter1
1-11.What are two reasons for using layered protocols?
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璇疯鍑轰娇鐢ㄥ垎灞傚崗璁殑涓や釜鐞嗙敱
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绛旓細閫氳繃鍗忚鍒嗗眰鍙互鎶婅璁￠棶棰樺垝鍒嗘垚杈冨皬鐨勬槗浜庡鐞嗙殑鐗囨銆傚垎灞傛剰鍛崇潃鏌愪竴灞?/p>
鐨勫崗璁殑鏀瑰彉涓嶄細褰卞搷楂樺眰鎴栦綆灞傜殑鍗忚銆?/p>
1-13. What is the principal difference between connectionless communication
and connection-oriented communication?
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绛旓細涓昏鐨勫尯鍒湁涓ゆ潯銆?/p>
鍏朵竴锛氶潰鍚戣繛鎺ラ�氫俊鍒嗕负涓変釜闃舵锛岀涓�鏄缓绔嬭繛鎺ワ紝鍦ㄦ闃舵锛屽彂鍑轰竴涓缓绔嬭繛鎺?/p>
鐨勮姹傘�傚彧鏈夊湪杩炴帴鎴愬姛寤虹珛涔嬪悗锛屾墠鑳藉紑濮嬫暟鎹紶杈擄紝杩欐槸绗簩闃舵銆傛帴鐫�锛屽綋鏁版嵁浼?/p>
杈撳畬姣曪紝蹇呴』閲婃斁杩炴帴銆傝�屾棤杩炴帴閫氫俊娌℃湁杩欎箞澶氶樁娈碉紝瀹冪洿鎺ヨ繘琛屾暟鎹紶杈撱�?/p>
鍏朵簩锛?/p>
闈㈠悜杩炴帴鐨勯�氫俊鍏锋湁鏁版嵁鐨勪繚搴忔�э紝
鑰屾棤杩炴帴鐨勯�氫俊涓嶈兘淇濊瘉鎺ユ敹鏁版嵁鐨勯『搴?/p>
涓庡彂閫佹暟鎹殑椤哄簭涓�鑷淬�?/p>
1-20.
A
system
has
an
n-layer
protocol
hierarchy.
Applications
generate
messages
of
length
M
bytes.
At
each
of
the
layers,
an
h-byte
header
is
added.
What fraction of the network bandwidth is filled with headers?