绗竷绔?/p>
鐢靛寲瀛?/p>
7.1
鐢ㄩ搨鐢垫瀬鐢佃В
CuCl
2
婧舵恫锛岄�氳繃鐨勭數娴佷负
20 A
锛岀粡杩?/p>
15 min
鍚庯紝闂細
(1)
鍦ㄩ槾鏋佷笂
鑳芥瀽鍑哄灏戣川閲忕殑
Cu
锛?/p>
(2)
鍦?/p>
27
鈩冦�?/p>
100 kPa
涓嬮槼鏋佷笂鑳芥瀽鍑哄灏戜綋绉殑鐨?/p>
Cl
2
(g)
锛?/p>
瑙ｏ細
閫氳繃鐢佃В姹犵殑鐢甸噺涓?/p>
Q
=
It
=
锛?/p>
20
脳
15
脳
60
锛?/p>
C = 18000 C
锛?/p>
1
锛夐槾鏋佸弽搴?/p>
Cu
2+
+ 2e
-
鈫?/p>
Cu
锛?/p>
s
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
z
=
2
鐢辨硶鎷夌瀹氬緥
Q
=
zF
尉
锛屽緱
(Cu)
(Cu)
(Cu)
(Cu)
(Cu)
n
m
Q
M
zF
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?
鎵�浠ュ湪闃存瀬涓婃瀽鍑?/p>
Cu
鐨勮川閲忎负
(Cu)
(Cu)
18000
63.546
1
(Cu)
g
5.927
g
2
96485
QM
m
zF
飦?/p>
飩?/p>
飩?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夐槼鏋佸弽搴?/p>
2Cl
-
鈫?/p>
Cl
2
(g) + 2e
-
锛?/p>
z
=
2
璁?/p>
Cl
2
(g)
涓虹悊鎯虫皵浣擄紝鍒?/p>
2
2
2
2
(Cl
)
(Cl
)
(Cl
)
(Cl
)
2
n
pV
Q
RT
F
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
鎵�浠ュ湪闃虫瀬涓婃瀽鍑?/p>
Cl
2
(g)
鐨勪綋绉负
3
3
2
2
(Cl
)
1
8.3145
300.15
18000
(Cl
)
m
2.328
dm
2
96485
100000
RTQ
V
zFp
飦?/p>
飩?/p>
飩?/p>
飩?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
飩?/p>
7.3
鐢ㄩ摱鐢垫瀬鐢佃В
AgNO
3
婧舵恫銆傞�氱數涓�瀹氭椂闂村悗锛?/p>
闃存瀬涓婃湁
0.078 g
鐨?/p>
Ag
鏋愬嚭锛?/p>
闃虫瀬
鍖烘憾娑茶川閲忎负
23.37g
锛屽叾涓惈
AgNO
3
0.236g
銆傚凡鐭ラ�氱數鍓嶆憾娑叉祿搴︿负
1kg
姘翠腑婧舵湁
7.39g
AgNO
3
銆傛眰
Ag
+
鍜?/p>
NO
3
-
鐨勮縼绉绘暟銆?/p>
瑙ｏ細
鐢ㄩ摱鐢垫瀬鐢佃В
AgNO
3
婧舵恫鏃讹紝鐢垫瀬鍙嶅簲锛?/p>
闃虫瀬锛?/p>
Ag
鈫?/p>
Ag
+
+ e
-
闃存瀬锛?/p>
Ag
+
+ e
-
鈫?/p>
Ag
鐢佃В鍓嶉槼鏋佸尯
AgNO
3
鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲?/p>
3
3
3
7.39
23.14
(AgNO
)
1000
1.006
10
mol
(AgNO
)
169.94
m
n
M
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
鐢佃В鍓?/p>
鐢佃В鍚庨槼鏋佸尯
AgNO
3
鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲?/p>
3
3
3
(AgNO
)
0.236
1.389
10
mol
(AgNO
)
169.94
m
n
M
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
鐢佃В鍚?/p>
鐢佃В杩囩▼涓紝闃虫瀬婧惰В
AgNO
3
鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲?/p>
4
(Ag)
0.078
7.229
10
mol
(Ag)
107.9
m
n
M
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
鍙嶅簲
Ag
+
杩佸嚭闃虫瀬鍖虹殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺
n
杩佺Щ
=
n
鐢佃В鍓?/p>
+
n
鍙嶅簲
+
n
鐢佃В鍚?/p>
=3.399脳
10
飥?/p>
4
mol
4
4
3.
3
9
9
1
0
(
A
g
)
0.
4
7
7.
2
2
9
1
0
1.
1
5
n
t
n
飥?/p>
飥?
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
杩佺Щ
鍙嶅簲
t
(NO
3
-
)=1
飥?/p>
t
(NO
3
-
)=0.53
7.5
宸茬煡
25
鈩?/p>
鏃?/p>
0.02 mol
路
dm
-3
鐨?/p>
KCl
婧舵恫鐨勭數瀵肩巼涓?/p>
0.2768 S
路
m
-1
銆傚湪涓�鐢靛姹犱腑
鍏呬互姝ゆ憾娑诧紝鍦?/p>
25
鈩?/p>
鏃舵祴鐭ュ叾鐢甸樆涓?/p>
453
惟
銆傚湪鍚屼竴鐢靛姹犱腑瑁呭叆鍚屾牱浣撶Н鐨勮川閲忔祿搴︿负
0.555 g
路
dm
-3
鐨?/p>
CaCl
2
婧舵恫锛屾祴寰楃數闃讳负
1050
惟
銆傝绠楋細
锛?/p>
1
锛夌數瀵兼睜绯绘暟锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
CaCl
2
婧舵恫
鐨勭數瀵肩巼锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
CaCl
2
婧舵恫鐨勬懇灏旂數瀵肩巼銆?/p>
瑙ｏ細
M
(CaCl
2
)=110.983 g
路
mol
-1
锛?/p>
1
锛夌數瀵兼睜甯告暟涓?/p>
1
1
cell
/
(KCl)
(KCl)
(0.2768
453)
m
125.4
m
s
K
l
A
R
飦?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
飥?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
CaCl
2
婧舵恫鐨勭數瀵肩巼
1
1
cell
2
2
125.4
(CaCl
)
=
S
m
0.1194
S
m
(CaCl
)
1050
K
R
飦?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?
飪?/p>
飥?/p>
飪?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
CaCl
2
婧舵恫鐨勬懇灏旂數瀵肩巼
2
-1
2
-1
2
m
2
3
2
(CaCl
)
0.1194
(CaCl
)
S
m
mol
0.02388
S
m
mol
(CaCl
)
(0.555/110.9834)
10
c
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飪?/p>
飪?/p>
飥?/p>
飪?/p>
飪?/p>
飩?/p>
7.7
25
鈩?/p>
鏃跺皢鐢靛鐜囦负
0.141 S路
m
-1
鐨?/p>
KCl
婧舵恫瑁呭叆涓�鐢靛姹犱腑锛?/p>
娴嬪緱鍏剁數闃讳负
525
惟
銆?/p>
鍦ㄥ悓涓�鐢靛姹犱腑瑁呭叆
0.1 mol路
dm
-3
鐨?/p>
NH
3
路
H
2
O
锛屾祴寰楃數闃讳负
2030
惟
锛屽埄鐢ㄨ〃
7.3.2
涓殑鏁版嵁
璁＄畻
NH
3
路
H
2
O
鐨勮В绂诲害
伪
鍙婅В绂诲父鏁?/p>
K
飦?
銆?/p>