鍚嶈瘝瑙ｉ噴锛?/p>
鍖诲缁熻瀛︼細
鐢ㄧ粺璁″鐨勫師鐞嗗拰鏂规硶鐮旂┒鐢熺墿鍖诲闂鐨勪竴闂ㄥ绉戙�?/p>
鍙橀噺锛?/p>
variable
锛?/p>
锛氳瀵熷崟浣嶇殑鏌愰」鐗瑰緛
鍙橀噺鍊硷紙
value of variable
锛?/p>
锛氬彉閲忕殑瑙傚療缁撴灉锛堟祴閲忓�硷級
鎬讳綋锛?/p>
population
锛?/p>
锛氭槸鏍规嵁鐮旂┒鐩殑纭畾鐨勫悓璐ㄧ殑瑙傚療鍗曚綅鐨勫叏浣擄紝纭垏鐨勮鏄悓璐ㄧ殑鎵�
鏈夌殑瑙傚療鍗曚綅鏌愮鍙橀噺鍊肩殑闆嗗悎銆?/p>
鏍锋湰锛?/p>
sample
锛?/p>
浠庢�讳綋涓殢鏈烘娊鍙栭儴鍒嗙敱浠ｈ〃鎬х殑瑙傚療鍗曚綅锛屽叾娴嬮噺鍊肩殑闆嗗悎绉颁负鏍锋湰銆?/p>
闅忔満鎶芥牱锛?/p>
random sample
锛?/p>
锛氭寜闅忔満鍖栧師鍒欎粠鎬讳綋涓娊鍙栭儴鍒嗚瀵熷崟浣嶇殑杩囩▼銆?/p>
鍚岃川锛?/p>
homogeneity
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
鏄拡瀵硅鐮旂┒鎸囨爣鏉ヨ锛屽叾褰卞搷鍥犵礌鐩稿悓銆?/p>
绠�鍗曞湴鐞嗚В灏辨槸鎸囧鐮旂┒
鎸囨爣褰卞搷澶х害鍙互鎺у埗鐨勪富瑕佸洜绱犲簲灏藉彲鑳界浉鍚屻�?/p>
鍙樺紓锛?/p>
variation
锛?/p>
锛氭寚鍦ㄨ嚜鐒跺湴鐘舵�佷笅锛屼釜浣撴祴閲忕粨鏋滃湪鍚岃川鍩虹涓婄殑宸紓銆?/p>
绛夌骇璧勬枡锛?/p>
ordinal data
锛?/p>
锛氬皢瑙傚療鍗曚綅鎸夋祴閲忕粨鏋滅殑鏌愮灞炴�х殑涓嶅悓绋嬪害鍒嗙粍锛屾墍寰楀悇缁勭殑
瑙傚療鍗曚綅绉颁负绛夌骇璧勬枡锛屽鎮ｈ�呯殑娌荤枟缁撴灉鍙垎涓烘不鎰堬紝濂借浆锛屾湁鏁堬紝鏃犳晥锛屾浜°�傛湁搴忓彉
閲忥紙瀹氭�у彉閲忕殑涓�绉嶏級
銆?/p>
姒傜巼
锛?/p>
probability
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
鏄害閲忔煇涓�闅忔満浜嬩欢
A
鍙戠敓鍙兘鎬уぇ灏忕殑涓�涓暟鍊硷紝
璁颁负
P
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
P
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
瓒婂ぇ锛岃鏄?/p>
A
浜嬩欢鍙戠敓鐨勫彲鑳芥�ц秺澶э紝
0<P(A)<1,
灏忔鐜囦簨浠躲�?/p>
棰戠巼锛?/p>
frequency
锛?/p>
锛氬湪鐩稿悓鐨勬潯浠朵笅锛岀嫭绔嬮噸澶嶅仛
n
娆″疄楠岋紝浜嬩欢
A
鍑虹幇浜?/p>
m
娆★紝姣斿�?/p>
m/n
绉颁负闅忔満浜嬩欢
A
鍦?/p>
n
娆″疄楠屼腑鍑虹幇鐨勯鐜囥�?/p>
闅忔満璇樊锛?/p>
random error
锛?/p>
锛氭帓闄や簡绯荤粺璇樊鍚庣殑灏氬瓨鐨勮宸紝鍙楀绉嶅洜绱犲奖鍝嶏紝浣胯瀵熷�?/p>
涓嶆寜鐓ф柟鍚戞�у拰绯荤粺鎬ц�岄殢鏈虹殑鍙樺寲锛?/p>
璇樊鍙橀噺涓�鑸湇浠庢鎬佸垎甯冿紝
鍙互閫氳繃缁熻澶勭悊鏉ヤ及
璁°�?/p>
绯荤粺璇樊锛?/p>
system error
锛?/p>
锛氱敱浜庡彈璇曞璞★紝鐮旂┒鑰咃紝浠櫒璁惧锛岀爺绌舵柟娉曠瓑闈炲疄楠屽洜绱犲奖鍝?/p>
绛夌‘瀹氭�у師鍥犻�犳垚锛屾湁涓�瀹氬�惧悜鎬ф垨瑙勫緥鎬х殑璇樊锛屽彲浠ラ伩鍏嶃�?/p>
闅忔満鍙橀噺锛?/p>
random variable
锛?/p>
锛氭槸鎸囧彇鍊间笉鑳戒簨鍏堢‘瀹氱殑瑙傚療缁撴灉锛屼笉鑳界敤涓�涓甯告暟鏉ヨ〃
绀猴紝姣忎釜鍙橀噺鐨勫彇鍊兼湇浠庣壒瀹氱殑姒傜巼鍒嗗竷銆?/p>
鍙傛暟锛?/p>
parameter
锛?/p>
锛氭牴鎹�讳綋鍒嗗竷鐗瑰緛鑰岃绠楃殑鎬讳綋缁熻鎸囨爣銆?/p>
缁熻閲忥紙
statistic
锛?/p>
锛氱敱鎬讳綋涓殢鏈烘娊鍙栨牱鏈�岃绠楃殑鐩稿簲鏍锋湰鎸囨爣銆?/p>
棰戞暟琛?/p>
锛?/p>
frequency table
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
灏嗗悇鍙橀噺鍊煎強鍏剁浉搴旂殑棰戞暟鍒楀嚭琛ㄦ牸褰㈠紡锛?/p>
鐢ㄦ潵琛ㄧず涓�鎵规暟鎹悇
瑙傚療鍊煎嚭鐜扮殑棰戠箒绋嬪害銆?/p>
绠楁湳鍧囨暟锛?/p>
arithmetic mean
锛?/p>
锛氭弿杩颁竴缁勬暟鎹湪鏁伴噺涓婄殑骞冲潎姘村钩銆傛�讳綋鍧囨暟鐢?/p>
碌
琛ㄧず锛屾牱
鏈潎鏁扮敤
X
琛ㄧず銆?/p>
鍑犱綍鍧囨暟锛?/p>
geometric mean
锛?/p>
锛氭弿杩板鏁版鎬佸垎甯冩垨鏁版嵁鍛堝�嶆暟鍙樺寲璧勬枡鐨勬按骞筹紝璁颁负
G.
涓綅鏁帮紙
median
锛?/p>
锛屽皢涓�缁勮瀵熷�肩敱灏忓埌澶ф帓鍒楋紝
n
涓哄鏁版椂鍙栦綅娆″眳涓殑鍙橀噺鍊硷紝涓哄伓鏁?/p>
鏃讹紝鍙栦綅娆″眳涓殑涓や釜鍙橀噺鐨勫钩鍧囧�笺�?/p>
鏋佸樊锛?/p>
range
锛?/p>
锛氬張绉板叏璺濓紝涓烘渶澶у�间笌鏈�灏忓�间箣宸紝鐢ㄤ簬璧勬枡鐨勭矖鐣ュ垎鏋愶紝璁＄畻绠�渚夸絾绋冲畾
鎬ц緝宸�傜鍙?/p>
R.
鐧惧垎浣嶆暟锛?/p>
percentile
锛?/p>
锛氬皢
n
涓瀵熷�间粠灏忓埌澶т緷娆℃帓鍒楋紝鍐嶆妸瀹冧滑鐨勪綅娆¤浆鍖栦负鐧惧垎浣嶃�?/p>
鍥涘垎浣嶆暟闂磋窛
锛?/p>
inter quarnle range
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
琛ㄧず鐧惧垎浣嶆暟
P
75
鍜岀櫨鍒嗕綅鏁?/p>
P
25
涔嬪樊锛?/p>
瀹氫箟涓?/p>
Q=P
75
-P
25
.
銆?/p>
鏂瑰樊锛?/p>
variance
锛?/p>
锛氳〃绀轰竴缁勬暟鎹殑骞冲潎绂绘暎鎯呭喌锛岀敱绂诲潎宸殑骞虫柟鍜岄櫎浠ユ牱鏈釜鏁板緱鍒般�?/p>
鏍囧噯宸紙
standard deviation
锛?/p>
锛氭槸鎻忚堪鍙嶆槧姝ｆ�佸垎甯冭閲忚祫鏂欑鏁ｇ▼搴︾殑鎸囨爣銆傛槸鏂瑰樊鐨勬
骞虫柟鏍癸紝
浣跨敤鐨勯噺绾蹭笌鍘熼噺绾茬浉鍚岋紝
閫傜敤浜庤繎浼兼鎬佸垎甯冪殑璧勬枡锛?/p>
澶у皬鏍锋湰鍧囧彲锛?/p>
鏈�涓哄父鐢ㄣ�?/p>
鍙樺紓绯绘暟
锛?/p>
coefficient of variation
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
鐢ㄤ簬閲忕翰涓嶅悓鍜屽彉閲忛棿鎴栧潎鏁扮浉宸緝澶х殑鍙橀噺闂村彉寮傜▼
搴︾殑姣旇緝锛屽叾璁＄畻鍏紡涓猴細