銆婅〃闈㈢墿鐞嗗寲瀛︺�嬪涔犳彁绾?/p>
1.
绠�杩扮幇浠ｈ〃闈㈢瀛︽妧鏈殑涓嫳鏂囧叏绉板拰缂╁啓銆佸師鐞嗗強涓昏淇℃伅銆?/p>
搴旂敤
鏂规硶
杞戒綋
缁撴瀯
鍒嗘瀽
鎴愬垎
鍒嗘瀽
鐢靛瓙浠锋�?/p>
鍒嗘瀽
琛ㄩ潰鐗╃
鍒嗘瀽
浜х墿
鍒嗘瀽
鍔熷嚱鏁?/p>
鍒嗘瀽
鍏ュ皠鐢?/p>
瀛?/p>
LEED,RHEED,
FIM,FEM
AES
EELS
HREELS
PEEM
鍏ュ皠鍏?/p>
瀛?/p>
XRD
XPS
UPS,XPS
IRAS,SERS
UPS
鍏ュ皠绂?/p>
瀛?/p>
SIMS,ISS
鍏ュ皠涓?/p>
鎬х矑瀛?/p>
TPD,TPR
鍙戝皠鐢?/p>
瀛?/p>
STM
Work
Function
鍘熷瓙鍔?/p>
鍒嗗瓙鍔?/p>
AFM
2.
鐔熸倝浜岀淮鏅朵綋缁撴瀯鐨?/p>
Miller
鎸囨暟璁版硶銆?/p>
(1)
鏅堕潰鏍囪
:Miller
鎸囨暟娉曪紝鍗?/p>
fcc(lmn), bcc(lmn), hcp(lmn)...
鍧囦唬琛ㄤ竴涓櫠闈紝鍏朵腑
l
銆?/p>
m
銆?/p>
n
鍧囦负姝ｆ暣鏁般�?/p>
(2)(lmn)
鐨勭‘瀹氾細鍦ㄧ粰瀹氱殑鏅朵綋涓紝閫夊畾鏌愪竴闈紝灏嗗叾涓庢櫠浣撳潗鏍囩殑鎴窛鐨勫�掓暟杩涜鏈�灏忓叕
鍊嶆暟閫氬垎锛屾墍寰楃殑鏈�灏忔暣鏁版瘮鍊煎垎鍒搴?/p>
l
銆?/p>
m
鍜?/p>
n
銆傝繖涓潰绉颁负
(lmn)
闈紝涓庡叾鐭㈤噺姝ｄ氦鐨?/p>
娉曠嚎鏂瑰悜绉颁负杩欎釜闈㈢殑娉曠嚎锛岃涓?/p>
[lmn]
锛岃繖鏄竴涓煝閲忋�?/p>
(3)
鍑犱釜鐗规畩鐨勭鍙凤細
( )
浠ｈ〃鏅堕潰锛?/p>
{ }
浠ｈ〃绛変环闈€�傚畠鐨勭瓑浠烽潰璁颁负
{lmn}
銆?/p>
[ ]
浠ｈ〃鏅堕潰鐭㈤噺娉曠嚎鏂瑰悜锛?/p>
< >
浠ｈ〃绛変环鐭㈤噺娉曠嚎鏂瑰悜銆?/p>
fcc
鍜?/p>
bcc
鐨勬櫠闈㈠拰鐭㈤噺娉曠嚎鏄浉浜掑瀭鐩寸殑锛屽叾浣欑殑鏅朵綋鍒欎笉涓�瀹氥�?/p>
3.
鐔熸倝
fcc
锛?/p>
bcc
鍜?/p>
hcp
鐨勫嚑涓綆
Miller
鎸囨暟鏅堕潰缁撴瀯銆?/p>
鍦?/p>
fcc
鏅朵綋涓紝
(111)
闈㈢殑鍘熷瓙褰㈡垚鍏瀵嗗爢绉紱
(100)
褰㈡垚姝ｆ柟褰紱
(110)
褰㈡垚楂樹綆涓嶅钩锛?/p>
鏈�涓婂眰涓洪暱鏂瑰舰鐨勭粨鏋勩�?/p>
鍦?/p>
bcc
鏅朵綋涓紝
(110)
涓哄叚瑙掑爢绉紝
浣嗘瘮
fcc
鐨?/p>
(111)
闈㈢殑鍏鍫嗙Н瑕佹澗鏁ｏ紱
(100)
涓烘鏂瑰舰锛?/p>
鍘熷瓙闂存湁闂撮殭锛?/p>
(111)
鐨勮〃闈㈢粨鏋勫鏉傦紝鏈変笁灞傞湶绌恒�?/p>
hcp
鏅朵綋鐨勮〃闈㈢粨鏋勮繙姣?/p>
fcc
鍜?/p>
bcc
澶嶆潅锛屽洜涓哄畠涓嶆槸绠�鍗?/p>
Bravais
鏍煎瓙锛屽師瀛愬湪
A
浣?/p>
鐨勪笂涓嬪爢绉拰鍦?/p>
B
浣嶇殑涓婁笅鍫嗙Н涓嶇浉鍚屻�?/p>
hcp
涓紝
(001)
闈㈢殑鍘熷瓙鍫嗙Н鏄浉鍚岀殑銆?/p>
(100)
闈㈠氨
浼氭湁
(100)A
鍜?/p>
(100)B
涔嬪垎锛屽舰鎴愭悡琛ｆ澘缁撴瀯銆傚湪鎼撹。鏉跨殑姣忎釜灏忎晶闈紝鍘熷瓙鍙兘褰㈡垚闀挎柟
褰㈠拰涓夎褰㈢粨鏋勩�?/p>
hcp
涓紝
(101)
闈㈠氨鏇村鏉備簡銆備竴绉嶆槸褰㈡垚绫讳技鍏柟瀵嗗爢绉殑缁撴瀯锛屼絾姣忛棿闅斾竴涓師瀛愭帓
浼氬湪琛ㄩ潰涓婄◢绋嶉殕璧凤紱鍙︿竴绉嶅垯褰㈡垚鍙伴樁缁撴瀯锛岃緝涓哄鏉傘�傝繖鍙敱渚ч潰鍥剧湅鍑烘潵銆?/p>
4.
鐔熸倝
hcp
缁撴瀯鐨勫洓
Miller
鎸囨暟璁版硶銆?/p>
hcp
鏅朵綋涓?/p>
(100), (010)
鍜?/p>
(001)
闈炵瓑浠枫�?/p>
鐢ㄥ洓浣嶆暟鐨?/p>
Miller
鎸囨暟
(lmkn)
鏉ユ爣璁?/p>
hcp
鐨勬櫠闈紝