鍥藉唴鐢熶骇鎬诲�硷紙
GDP
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
缁忔祹绀句細鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭椂鏈熷唴杩愮敤鐢熶骇瑕佺礌鎵�鐢熶骇鐨勫叏閮ㄦ渶缁堜骇鍝?/p>
锛堢墿鍝佸拰鍔冲姟锛夌殑甯傚満浠峰�肩殑鎬诲拰銆?/p>
GDP
鐨勭己闄?/p>
:
1
锛?/p>
GDP
鏄竴涓湁鐢ㄧ殑鎸囨爣锛屼絾涓嶆槸涓�涓畬鍠勭殑鎸囨爣锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
GDP
娌℃湁鍖呮嫭鍦ㄥ競鍦轰箣澶栫粡娴庢椿鍔ㄧ殑浠峰�硷紝鍥犳浣庝及浜嗕竴鍥?/p>
缁忔祹娲诲姩鐨勭ぞ浼氫环鍊硷紱
3
锛?/p>
GDP
娌℃湁鑰冭檻缁忔祹娲诲姩瀵逛汉浠敓娲昏川閲忎骇鐢熺殑璐熼潰褰卞搷锛屽彧
鍋氬姞娉曚笉鍋氬噺娉曪紝鍥犳楂樹及浜嗕竴鍥界粡娴庢椿鍔ㄧ殑绀句細浠峰�硷紙濡傞棽
鏆囥�佹薄鏌撶瓑
)
銆?/p>
缃戜笂鍙︿竴绉嶏細
1
锛?/p>
GDP
涓嶈兘鍙嶆槧缁忔祹鍙戝睍瀵硅祫婧愮幆澧冩墍閫犳垚鐨勮礋
闈㈠奖鍝?/p>
2
锛?/p>
GDP
涓嶈兘鍑嗙‘鍦板弽鏄犵粡娴庡闀胯川閲忓拰涓�涓浗瀹惰储瀵岀殑鍙樺寲
3
锛?/p>
GDP
涓嶈兘鍙嶆槧鏌愪簺閲嶈鐨勯潪甯傚満缁忔祹娲诲姩
4
锛?/p>
GDP
涓嶈兘鍏ㄩ潰鍦板弽鏄犱汉浠殑绂忓埄鐘跺喌
GDP
鐨勮绠楋細
鎸夋敮鍑烘硶鏍哥畻锛?/p>
GDP
锛濓迹锛嬶缉锛嬶姬锛嬶紙
X-M
锛?/p>
鎸夋敹鍏ユ硶鏍哥畻锛?/p>
GDP
锛濆伐璧勶紜鍒╂伅锛嬪埄娑︼紜绉熼噾锛嬮棿鎺ョ◣鍜屼紒涓?/p>
杞Щ鏀粯锛嬫姌鏃?/p>
鍥芥皯鏀跺叆鐨勫熀鏈叕寮忥細
1.
涓ら儴闂?/p>
(
绉佷汉閮ㄩ棬
)
缁忔祹鐨勫惊鐜祦鍔ㄦā鍨?/p>
鎬婚渶姹?/p>
(
鎬绘敮鍑?/p>
)
锛濇秷璐?/p>
+
鎶曡祫
Y
锛濓迹锛嬶缉
鎬讳緵缁?/p>
(
鎬绘敹鍏?/p>
)
锛濇秷璐?/p>
+
鍌ㄨ搫
Y
锛?/p>
C+S
鎬婚渶姹備笌鎬讳緵缁欑殑鎭掔瓑寮忎负锛?/p>
锛ｏ紜锛╋紳锛ｏ紜锛?
鈫掆啋
锛╋紳锛?
褰撴�婚渶姹傜瓑浜庢�讳緵缁欐椂锛屽浗姘戞敹鍏ュ疄鐜颁簡鍧囪 銆?/p>
涔熷嵆锛岋缉锛濓汲锛屾槸涓ら儴闂ㄧ粡娴庝腑锛屽浗姘戞敹鍏ュ潎琛＄殑鏉′欢銆?/p>
2.
涓夐儴闂ㄧ粡娴庣殑寰幆娴佸姩妯″瀷
鎬婚渶姹?/p>
(
鎬绘敮鍑?/p>
)
锛濇秷璐?/p>
+
鎶曡祫
+
鏀垮簻鏀嚭
鍗?/p>
Y
锛濓迹锛嬶缉锛?
锛?
鎬讳緵缁?/p>
(
鎬绘敹鍏?/p>
)
锛濇秷璐?/p>
+
鍌ㄨ搫
+
绋庢敹
鍗?/p>
Y
锛濓迹锛嬶汲锛嬶即
涓変釜閮ㄦ�婚渶姹備笌鎬讳緵缁欑殑鎭掔瓑寮忎负锛?/p>
锛ｏ紜锛╋紜锛э紳锛ｏ紜
锛筹紜锛粹啋鈫掞缉锛嬶姬锛濓汲锛嬶即
涓夐儴闂ㄧ粡娴庝腑鍥芥皯鏀跺叆鍧囪 鐨勬潯浠朵粛鐒舵槸鎬婚渶姹傜瓑浜庢�讳緵
缁欙紝鍗?/p>
锛╋紜锛э紳锛筹紜锛?
3.
鍥涢儴闂ㄧ粡娴庣殑寰幆娴佸姩妯″瀷
鎬婚渶姹?/p>
(
鎬绘敮鍑?/p>
)
锛濇秷璐?/p>
+
鎶曡祫
+
鏀垮簻鏀嚭
+
鍑哄彛
Y
锛濓迹锛?/p>
锛╋紜锛э紜锛?/p>
鎬讳緵缁?/p>
(
鎬绘敹鍏?/p>
)
锛濇秷璐?/p>
+
鍌ㄨ搫
+
鏀垮簻绋庢敹
+
杩涘彛
Y
锛濓迹锛?
锛筹紜锛达紜锛?/p>
鍥涢儴闂ㄧ殑鎬婚渶姹備笌鎬讳緵缁欑殑鎭掔瓑寮忎负
锛╋紜锛э紜锛革紳锛筹紜
锛达紜锛?
鍥涢儴闂ㄧ粡娴庡浗姘戞敹鍏ュ潎琛＄殑鏉′欢浠嶇劧鏄�婚渶姹傜瓑浜庢�讳緵
缁欙紝鍗?/p>
锛╋紜锛э紜锛革紳锛筹紜锛达紜锛?/p>
鍚嶄箟
GDP
鍜屽疄闄?/p>
GDP
*
鍚嶄箟
GDP
鏄敤鐢熶骇浜у搧鍜屽姵鍔＄殑褰撳勾浠锋牸璁＄畻鐨勫叏閮ㄦ渶缁?/p>
浜у搧鐨勫競鍦轰环鍊?/p>
*
瀹為檯
GDP
鏄敤浠庡墠鏌愪竴骞翠綔涓哄熀鏈熺殑浠锋牸璁＄畻鍑烘潵鐨勫叏閮?/p>
鏈�缁堜骇鍝佺殑甯傚満浠峰�?/p>
*
瀹為檯
GDP=
鍚嶄箟
GDP
梅
GDP
鎶樼畻鎸囨暟
鍧囪 浜у嚭锛?/p>
鍧囪 浜у嚭鎴栨敹鍏ョ殑鏉′欢
锛?/p>
E=y
銆愮敱浜?/p>
E=y
锛?/p>
E=c+i
锛?/p>
y=c+s
锛?
鍒?/p>
i=s
銆?/p>
*
娉細瀹為檯鍙戠敓鐨勬姇璧勶紙鍖呮嫭璁″垝鍜岄潪璁″垝瀛樿揣鎶曡祫鍦ㄥ唴锛?/p>
濮嬬粓绛変簬鍌ㄨ搫銆?/p>
娑堣垂鍑芥暟锛?/p>
娑堣垂鍜屾敹鍏ヤ箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴绉颁负娑堣垂鍑芥暟锛屽彲璁颁负
C
锛?/p>
C(Y)
锛?/p>
C=
伪
+
尾
y
濡傛灉鍏朵粬鏉′欢涓嶅彉锛屽垯娑堣垂闅忔敹鍏ョ殑澧炲姞鑰屽鍔狅紝闅忔敹鍏ュ噺灏?/p>
鑰屽噺灏戙�?
娑堣垂鍙堢О涓烘秷璐瑰�惧悜锛屽嚡鎭╂柉鎶婃秷璐瑰�惧悜鍒嗕负杈归檯娑堣垂鍊惧悜鍜?/p>
骞冲潎娑堣垂鍊惧悜
杈归檯娑堣垂鍊惧悜锛?/p>
鏄寚娑堣垂澧為噺涓庢敹鍏ュ閲忎箣姣旓紝浠?/p>
MPC
琛ㄧず銆?
MPC
锛濃柍
C/
鈻?/p>
Y
銆愬嚡鎭╂柉璁や负
MPC
闅忕潃涓汉鍙敮閰嶆敹鍏ョ殑澧炲姞閫掑噺锛岃〃绀烘敹鍏?/p>
瓒婂鍔狅紝鏀跺叆澧為噺涓敤浜庢秷璐瑰閲忕殑閮ㄥ垎瓒婃潵瓒婂皬銆?/p>
MPC
閫掑噺
鏄嚡鎭╂柉鎻愬嚭鐨勮В閲婃湁鏁堥渶姹備笉瓒崇殑涓夊ぇ蹇冪悊瑙勫緥涔嬩竴銆?/p>
銆?
骞冲潎娑堣垂鍊惧悜
锛氭槸鎸囨秷璐瑰崰鍙敮閰嶆敹鍏ョ殑姣旈噸锛屼互
APC
琛ㄧず銆?
APC
锛?/p>
C/Y
鍦ㄧ幇瀹炵敓娲讳腑褰撲汉浠敹鍏ヤ负闆舵椂锛屾秷璐逛篃瑕佽繘琛岋紝鎴栬�呭姩
鐢ㄥ偍钃勬垨鑰呬緷闈犵ぞ浼氭晳娴庢潵淇濇寔涓�涓捣鐮佺殑娑堣垂姘村噯銆傚洜姝わ紝
璇ラ儴鍒嗘槸涓父鏁帮紝
瀹冩槸涓嶉殢鏀跺叆鐨勫彉鍖栬�屽彉鍖栫殑娑堣垂锛?/p>
琚О涓?/p>
鑷富娑堣垂銆傝繖鏍锋秷璐瑰拰鏀跺叆鐨勫嚱鏁板彲琛ㄧず涓猴細
C
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
b
Y
鍏朵腑锛?/p>
C
涓烘秷璐规敮鍑?/p>
锛?/p>
b
涓?/p>
MPC
锛?/p>
Y
涓哄彲鏀厤鏀跺叆锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
涓鸿嚜
涓绘秷璐癸紝
b
Y
鏄殢鍙敮閰嶆敹鍏ュ彉鍖栬�屽彉鍖栫殑娑堣垂锛岃绉颁负寮曡嚧娑?/p>
璐广�?/p>
銆愯癄閲婏細
c=
伪
+
尾
y
伪鈥旇嚜鍙戞秷璐癸紝涓嶄緷瀛樻敹鍏ュ彉鍔紝鑰屽彉鍔ㄧ殑
娑堣垂锛岀旱杞存埅璺濓紱
尾鈥?/p>
MPC
锛岀洿绾挎枩鐜囷紱尾
y
鈥斿紩鑷存秷璐癸紝渚濆瓨鏀跺叆鍙樺姩鑰屽彉鍔ㄣ�?/p>
APC
涓?/p>
MPC
锛?/p>
APC=c/y=(
伪
+
尾
y)/y=
伪
/y+
尾
=
伪
/y+MPC
(1)APC>MPC(2)
伪
/y
鈫?/p>
0,
鎵�浠?/p>
APC
鈫?/p>
MPC
鐭湡娑堣垂鏇茬嚎鐨勭壒鐐?/p>
:
绗竴銆佸彲鏀厤鏀跺叆瀛樺湪鐫�涓�涓敹鏀浉鎶电殑姘村钩銆?/p>
APC=1
銆?/p>
绗簩銆佸湪鏀舵敮鐩告姷鐨勫彲鏀厤鏀跺叆姘村钩浠ヤ笂锛屾秷璐规敮鍑猴紲鍙敮閰?/p>
鏀嚭锛岃繖绉嶈绉颁负姝ｅ偍钃勶紝
APC
锛?/p>
1
锛涘湪鐩告姷姘村钩浠ヤ笅锛屾秷璐规敮
鍑猴紴鍙敮閰嶆敮鍑猴紝绉颁负璐熷偍钃勶紝
APC
锛?/p>
1
銆?/p>
绗笁銆佹秷璐规敮鍑洪殢鍙敮閰嶆敹鍏ュ鍔犺�屽鍔狅紝浣嗗叾澧炲姞骞呭害锛滃彲
鏀厤鏀跺叆澧炲姞骞呭害銆傦紣锛?/p>
MPC
锛滐紤
鍌ㄨ搫鍑芥暟
娑堣垂鑰呭彲鏀厤鏀跺叆鍒嗕负涓ら儴鍒嗭紝涓�閮ㄥ垎鏄秷璐癸紝鍙︿竴閮ㄥ垎鏄偍
钃勶紝鍗?/p>
锛?/p>
Y
锛?/p>
C+S
锛?/p>
S
锛?/p>
Y-C
鐢变簬娑堣垂鏄彲鏀厤鏀跺叆鐨勫嚱鏁帮紝鍥犳锛屽偍钃勪篃鏄彲鏀厤鏀跺叆鐨?/p>
涓�涓嚱鏁帮紝纭珛浜嗘秷璐瑰嚱鏁帮紝鍌ㄨ搫鍑芥暟涔熷氨纭珛浜嗐�?
鍌ㄨ搫鍑芥暟锛?/p>
鍌ㄨ搫涓庢敹鍏ヤ袱涓彉閲忎箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴琚О涓哄偍钃勫嚱鏁帮紝
鎴栫О涓哄偍钃勫�惧悜銆傚彲琛ㄧず涓?/p>
S
锛?/p>
F(Y)
锛?/p>
濡傛灉鍏朵粬鏉′欢涓嶅彉锛屽偍
钃勯殢鏀跺叆澧炲姞鑰屽鍔狅紝闅忔敹鍏ュ噺灏戣�屽噺灏戙�?
鍌ㄨ搫鍊惧悜涔熷垎涓鸿竟闄呭偍钃勫�惧悜鍜屽钩鍧囧偍钃勫�惧悜銆?
骞冲潎鍌ㄨ搫鍊惧悜
锛氭槸鎸囧偍钃勫崰鍙敮閰嶆敹鍏ョ殑姣斾緥锛屽叕寮忎负锛?/p>
APS
锛?/p>
S/Y
杈归檯鍌ㄨ搫鍊惧悜锛?/p>
鏄偍钃勫閲忎笌鍙敮閰嶆敹鍏ュ閲忎箣姣斻�備互
MPS
琛?