1
Chapter
Five
Meaning(semantics)
What is Semantics?
飦?/p>
Semantics
is the study of meaning.
飦?/p>
More specifically,
it is
the study of the
meaning
of linguistic units,
words
and
sentences
.
I didn鈥檛 mean to hurt you.
He never says what he means.
Fame and fortune mean nothing.
What鈥檚 the meaning of the word 鈥渃ut鈥?
Life without faith has no meaning.
the meaning of
girl
+ human + female + young
+ unmarried
semantic features
Boys and
girls!
My little girl is very lovely.
1.
Meanings of meaning
Ogden & Richards
The Meaning of Meaning
Leech
Semantics
7 types of meaning
Leech
conceptual meaning
姒傚康鎰忎箟
associative meaning
鑱旀兂鎰忎箟
thematic meaning
涓讳綅鎰忎箟
Conceptual
meaning
姒傚康鎰忎箟
also
denotative
[di'n
蓹
ut
蓹
tiv]
(
澶栧欢
),
concerned
with
the
relationship between a word and the thing it refers to.
姒傚康鎰忎箟鏄瀹㈣瀵硅薄鏈川鐗瑰緛鐨?/p>
鍙嶆槧锛屼竴鑸湪璇嶅吀涓浐瀹氫笅鏉?/p>
An instrument made of plastic or metal used for writing with ink
pen
father
1
銆?/p>
male parent
鐖朵翰
2
銆?/p>
ancestors
绁栧厛
3
銆?/p>
founder or first leader
鍒涘鑰呭�″鑰?/p>
Stepmother: A woman who has married their father after the death or divorce of their mother.
(wife of one's father by a later marriage )
Associative meaning
鑱旀兂
The total of all the meanings a person thinks of when he comes across the word.
Connotative
meaning
鍐呮兜鎰忎箟
Social
meaning
绀句細鎰忎箟
Affective
meaning
鎰熸儏鎰忎箟
Reflected meaning
鍙嶅皠鎰忎箟
Collocative meaning
鎼厤鎰忎箟
Connotative meaning ['k
蓴
n
蓹
uteitiv]
鍐呮兜鎰忎箟
What is communicated by virtue of what language refers to. It shows the communicative value.
閫氳繃璇█鎵�浼犺揪鐨勬剰涔?/p>
鏇规暀鎺堬細鏈変簺浜烘垜鐪嬫槸鏈夋剰鐨勭粰涓夊场娉肩偣鑴忔按锛屾湁鎰忕殑濡栭瓟鍖栦笁宄°�?/p>
denotation:
涓嶅共鍑�鐨勬按
connotation:
鏌愪簺浜烘湁鎰忕殑鎶归粦涓夊场锛岀墖闈㈢殑寮鸿皟涓夊场鐨勫紛绔?/p>
It shows additional meaning, including emotive, social and psychological properties.
eg: father: strong will, strength.
stepmother: vicious, evil
However, it is unstable. It varies from person to person, from culture to culture.
Social meaning
绀句細鎰忎箟
The social circumstances of language use, chiefly including stylistic meaning. It is the formality
of the expression.
鎵�浼犺揪鐨勫叧浜庤瑷�浣跨敤鐨勭ぞ浼氱幆澧冪殑鎰忎箟銆?/p>
mother
鈥?/p>
mom
鈥?/p>
mama
tooth
鈥?/p>
dental Are you nuts?
娌圭厧璞嗚厫
VS
閲戦暥鐜夋澘
Affective meaning
鎯呮劅鎰忎箟