浠庡叕鍏遍绠楃殑瑙嗚瑙ｈ缇庡浗鏉版枑閫婂幙鏀垮簻鐮翠骇妗?/p>
1996: A federal judge orders Jefferson County to repair and rebuild its sewer system, after finding
that county sewage has polluted rivers and streams.
1997: The county begins six years of massive borrowing for sewer repairs. It also uses some of
that money for new sewers not required under the consent decree.
鎵撶畻鐢ㄦ柊鐨勭郴缁熶骇鐢熺殑鏀跺叆
鏉ュ伩杩樺�哄姟銆?/p>
2008.
鏉版枑閫婂幙鐨勫�哄姟涓嶆柇绱Н锛屽埌
2008
骞?/p>
,
鏀垮簻鍊哄埜鐨勫彈鎵樹汉瀹ｅ竷鍘挎斂搴滃彲鑳芥棤鍔涘伩杩橈紝
鍊哄埜闈复杩濈害椋庨櫓锛屾澃鏂愰�婂幙鍊哄姟鍗辨満寮�濮嬫诞鐜般�備粠
2008
骞达紝涓�鐩村湪鑰冭檻鍦版柟鏀垮簻鐨勭牬浜?/p>
闂銆?/p>
2011.9
鏉版枑閫婂幙鍘挎斂鍔″鍛樹細鍦ㄥ�哄姟闂鐨勮皥鍒や笂闄峰叆鍍靛眬銆傛潵鑷澃鏂愰�婂幙浠ｈ〃鍥㈢殑
25
浣?/p>
姘戜富鍏氳鍛樻嫆缁濅笌鎸佹湁
31.4
浜跨編鍏冨湴鏂瑰�哄埜鐨勫�烘潈浜鸿揪鎴愬崗璁�?/p>
2011.11
2011
骞?/p>
11
鏈?/p>
9
鏃?/p>
,
缇庡浗闃挎媺宸撮┈宸炴澃鏂愰�婂幙鍘挎斂搴滃悜褰撳湴娉曢櫌鐢宠鐮翠骇銆傛嵁鎶ラ亾
,
璇ュ幙鑳岃礋鐨勫�哄姟杈?/p>
41
浜跨編鍏冦�?/p>
鑵愯触鐨勬ⅷ瀛?/p>
According
to
the
SEC,
in
March
2002,
Charles
LeCroy,
then
managing
director
for
JP
Morgan
Securities鈥?nbsp;southea
st regional office in Orlando, Florida, sent a series of emails to his superiors
discussing how one of the firm鈥檚 competitors (three guesses who) had successfully scored new
municipal underwriting and swap business by enlisting
璧炲姪
the paid support of the politically
connected
principals
and
employees
of
local
broker-dealers.
缁忕邯鑷惀鍟?/p>
LeCroy鈥檚
superiors
endorsed
this
strategy,
and
he
provided
them
with
estimates
(in
emails,
no
less)
of
what
the
going rate for paying these folks off would be.
瀵逛氦鏄撹繘琛屼簡绮惧績璁捐锛屼娇浠栦滑鐨勮璐挎垚鏈浆绉?/p>
鍒拌鍘跨殑绾崇◣浜鸿韩涓娿�?/p>
since the JP Morgan bankers were confident no one would check their
swap math, there really was not much of a ceiling on the cost they would pass on to taxpayers.
鏀剁◣鐨勬ⅷ瀛?/p>
1999
骞达紝
鏉版枑閫婃斂搴滈�氳繃浜嗘柊鐨勫紑涓氳鍙◣娉曟锛?/p>
鑰屼箣鍓嶇殑鑰佺殑寮�涓氳鍙◣浠嶅湪寰佹敹銆?/p>
1999
骞?/p>
11
鏈堢珛娉曡�呭彇娑堜簡鑰佺殑寮�涓氳鍙◣锛屼絾涔嬪悗鏉版枑閫婃斂搴滃張鎴愬姛椹虫枼浜嗕笂杩板喅璁苟缁х画寰?/p>
鏀跺紑涓氳鍙◣銆?/p>
2010
骞磋挋鍝ラ┈鍒╁贰鍥炴硶瀹樿瀹氭柊鐨勫紑涓氳鍙◣鍦ㄧ珛娉曞緛鏀剁殑杩囩▼涓瓨鍦ㄩ棶
棰橈紝璁や负璇ョ◣鐨勫緛鏀舵槸鏃犳晥鐨勩�傛柊绋庣鐨勫緛鏀舵彁璁篃娌℃湁閫氳繃銆?/p>