绾跨矑浣?/p>
锛?/p>
1.
鍛煎惛閾?/p>
锛堢數瀛愪紶閫掗摼锛?/p>
Respiratory chain
涓�绯诲垪鑳藉鍙�嗗湴鎺ュ彈鍜岄噴鏀?/p>
H+
鍜?/p>
e-
鐨勫寲瀛︾墿璐?/p>
鎵�缁勬垚鐨勯叾浣撶郴鍦ㄧ嚎绮掍綋鍐呰啘涓婃湁搴忓湴鎺掑垪鎴愪簰鐩稿叧鑱旂殑閾剧姸銆?/p>
2.
鍖栧娓楅�忓亣璇?/p>
锛堟哀鍖栫７閰稿寲鍋惰仈鏈哄埗锛?/p>
锛氱嚎绮掍綋鍐呰啘涓婄殑鍛煎惛閾捐捣璐ㄥ瓙娉电殑浣滅敤锛屽埄鐢ㄩ珮
鑳界數瀛愪紶閫掕繃绋嬩腑閲婃斁鐨勮兘閲忓皢
H+
娉靛嚭鍐呰啘澶栵紝閫犳垚鍐呰啘鍐呭鐨勪竴涓?/p>
H+
姊害锛堜弗鏍煎湴璁?/p>
鏄瀛愮殑鐢靛寲瀛︽搴︼級
锛?/p>
A
TP
鍚堥叾鍐嶅埄鐢ㄨ繖涓數鍖栧姊害鏉ュ悎鎴?/p>
A
TP
銆?/p>
3.
鐢靛瓙杞戒綋
:
鍦ㄧ數瀛愪紶閫掕繃绋嬩腑涓庨噴鏀剧殑鐢靛瓙缁撳悎骞跺皢鐢靛瓙浼犻�掍笅鍘荤殑鐗╄川绉颁负鐢靛瓙杞戒綋銆?/p>
鍙備笌浼犻�掔殑鐢靛瓙杞戒綋鏈夊洓绉嶁埗榛勭礌铔嬬櫧銆?/p>
缁嗚優鑹茬礌銆?/p>
閾佺～铔嬬櫧鍜岃緟閰?/p>
Q
锛?/p>
鍦ㄨ繖鍥涚被鐢靛瓙杞戒綋
涓紝闄や簡杈呴叾
Q
浠ュ锛屾帴鍙楀拰鎻愪緵鐢靛瓙鐨勬哀鍖栬繕鍘熶腑蹇冮兘鏄笌铔嬬櫧鐩歌繛鐨勮緟鍩恒�?/p>
4.
闃堝�兼晥搴旓細
绐佸彉鎵�浜х敓鐨勬晥搴斿彇鍐充簬璇ョ粏鑳炰腑閲庣敓鍨嬪拰绐佸彉鍨嬬嚎绮掍綋
DNA
鐨勬瘮渚嬶紝
鍙湁
绐佸彉鍨?/p>
DNA
杈惧埌涓�瀹氭暟閲忥紙闃堝�硷級鎵嶈冻浠ュ紩璧风粏鑳炵殑鍔熻兘闅滅锛岃繖绉嶇幇璞＄О涓洪槇鍊兼晥搴斻�?/p>
5.
瀵煎悜搴忓垪
锛氬皢娓哥鏍哥硸浣撲笂鍚堟垚鐨勮泲鐧借川鐨?/p>
N-
绔俊鍙风О涓哄鍚戜俊鍙凤紝鎴栧鍚戝簭鍒楋紝鐢变簬
杩欎竴娈靛簭鍒楁槸姘ㄥ熀閰哥粍鎴愮殑鑲斤紝鎵�浠ュ張绉颁负杞繍鑲姐�?/p>
6.
淇″彿搴忓垪
锛氬皢鑶滅粨鍚堟牳绯栦綋涓婂悎鎴愮殑铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ殑
N-
绔殑搴忓垪绉颁负淇″彿搴忓垪锛屽皢缁勬垚璇ュ簭鍒?/p>
鐨勮偨绉颁负淇″彿鑲姐�?/p>
7.
鍏辩炕璇戣浆杩?/p>
锛氳啘缁撳悎鏍哥硸浣撲笂鍚堟垚鐨勮泲鐧借川閫氳繃瀹氫綅淇″彿锛屼竴杈圭炕璇戯紝涓�杈硅繘鍏ュ唴璐ㄧ綉锛?/p>
鐢变簬杩欑杞繍瀹氫綅鏄湪铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ炕璇戠殑鍚屾椂杩涜鐨勶紝鏁呯О涓哄叡缈昏瘧杞繍銆?/p>
8.
铔嬬櫧璐ㄥ垎閫?/p>
锛氬湪鑶滅粨鍚堟牳绯栦綋涓婂悎鎴愮殑铔嬬櫧璐ㄩ�氳繃淇″彿鑲斤紝缁忚繃杩炵画鐨勮啘绯荤粺杞繍鍒嗛�夋墠
鑳藉埌杈炬渶缁堢殑鐩殑鍦帮紝杩欎竴杩囩▼鍙堢О涓鸿泲鐧借川鍒嗛�夈�?/p>
鏍哥硸浣?/p>
锛?/p>
1.
鍘熸牳鐢熺墿
mRNA
涓笌鏍哥硸浣?/p>
16S rRNA
缁撳悎鐨勫簭鍒楃О涓?/p>
SD
搴忓垪
(SD sequence)
銆?/p>
2.
鏍搁叾
锛氬皢鍏锋湁閰跺姛鑳界殑
RNA
绉颁负鏍搁叾銆?/p>
3
.N-
绔鍒?/p>
(N-end rule):
姣忎竴绉嶈泲鐧借川閮芥湁瀵垮懡鐗瑰緛锛?/p>
绉颁负鍗婅“鏈?/p>
(half-life)
銆?/p>
鐮旂┒鍙戠幇澶氳偨
閾?/p>
N-
绔壒寮傜殑姘ㄥ熀閰镐笌鍗婅“鏈熺浉鍏筹紝绉颁负
N-
绔鍒欍�?/p>
4.
娉涚礌浠嬪閫斿緞
锛氳泲鐧介叾浣撳铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ殑闄嶈В閫氳繃娉涚礌
(ubiquitin)
浠嬪
,
鏁呯О涓烘硾绱犻檷瑙ｉ�斿緞銆?/p>
铔嬬櫧閰朵綋瀵硅泲鐧借川鐨勯檷瑙ｄ綔鐢ㄥ垎涓轰袱涓繃绋?/p>
:
涓�鏄琚檷瑙ｇ殑铔嬬櫧璐ㄨ繘琛屾爣璁?/p>
,
鐢辨硾绱犲畬鎴?/p>
;
浜屾槸铔嬬櫧閰惰В浣滅敤
,
鐢辫泲鐧介叾浣撳偓鍖栥�?/p>
缁嗚優鏍?/p>
锛?/p>
1.
鏍稿唴鑶?/p>
锛?/p>
鏈夌壒鏈夌殑铔嬬櫧鎴愪唤
锛堝鏍哥氦灞傝泲鐧?/p>
B
鍙椾綋锛?/p>
锛?/p>
鑶滅殑鍐呰〃闈㈡湁涓�灞傜綉缁滅姸绾ょ淮铔嬬櫧
璐紝鍗虫牳绾ゅ眰锛?/p>
nuclear lamina
锛?/p>
锛屽彲鏀寔鏍歌啘銆?/p>
鏍稿鑶?/p>
锛氶潬鍚戠粏鑳炶川鐨勪竴灞傦紝鏄唴璐ㄧ綉鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛岃優璐ㄩ潰闄勬湁鏍哥硸浣?/p>
鏍稿懆闅?/p>
锛氬唴銆佸鑶滀箣闂存湁瀹?/p>
20~40nm
鐨勮厰闅欙紝涓庣矖闈㈠唴璐ㄧ綉鑵旂浉閫?/p>
鏍稿瓟澶嶅悎浣?/p>
锛氬唴銆佸鑶滆瀺鍚堝锛岀墿璐ㄨ繍杈撶殑閫氶亾
鏍哥氦灞?/p>
锛氬唴鏍歌啘鍐呰〃闈㈢殑绾ょ淮缃戠粶锛屾敮鎸佹牳鑶滐紝骞朵笌鏌撹壊璐ㄣ�佹牳楠ㄦ灦鐩歌繛銆?/p>
2.
鏍稿瓟澶嶅悎浣?/p>
锛氭槸缁嗚優鏍稿唴澶栬啘铻嶅悎褰㈡垚鐨勫皬瀛旓紝鐩村緞绾︿负
70 nm
锛屾槸缁嗚優鏍镐笌缁嗚優璐ㄩ棿鐗?/p>
璐ㄤ氦鎹㈢殑閫氶亾銆?/p>
3.
鏍稿瓟铔嬬櫧
锛氬弬涓庢瀯鎴愭牳瀛旂殑铔嬬櫧璐紝鍙兘鍦ㄧ粡鏍稿瓟鐨勪富鍔ㄨ繍杈撲腑鍙戞尌浣滅敤銆?/p>
鏍歌繍杈撳彈浣?/p>
锛氬弬涓庣墿璐ㄩ�氳繃鏍稿瓟鐨勪富鍔ㄨ繍杈撱�?/p>
鏍稿懆铔嬬櫧
:
鏄竴绫讳笌鏍稿瓟閫夋嫨鎬ц繍杈撴湁鍏崇殑铔嬬櫧瀹舵棌锛岀浉褰撲簬鍙椾綋铔嬬櫧銆?/p>
5.
杈撳叆铔嬬櫧
锛氭牳瀹氫綅淇″彿鐨勫彈浣撹泲鐧?/p>
,
瀛樺湪浜庤優璐ㄦ憾鑳朵腑
,
鍙笌鏍稿畾浣嶄俊鍙风粨鍚?/p>
,
甯姪鏍?/p>
铔嬬櫧杩涘叆缁嗚優鏍搞�?/p>
杈撳嚭铔嬬櫧
锛?/p>
瀛樺湪浜庣粏鑳炴牳涓瘑鍒苟涓庤緭鍑轰俊鍙风粨鍚堢殑铔嬬櫧璐?/p>
,
甯姪鏍稿唴鐗╄川閫氳繃鏍稿瓟澶嶅悎
鐗╄緭鍑哄埌缁嗚優璐?/p>
,
鑰屽悗蹇�熼�氳繃鏍稿瓟澶嶅悎鐗╁洖鍒扮粏鑳炴牳銆?/p>
鏍歌緭鍑轰俊鍙?/p>
锛氫綔涓烘牳鍐呯墿璐ㄨ緭鍑虹粏鑳炴牳鐨勪俊鍙凤紝甯姪鏍稿唴鐨勬煇浜涘垎瀛愯繀閫熼�氳繃鏍稿瓟杩涘叆