纭�纾锋贩鍚堥吀鐨勭數浣嶆淮瀹� - 鐧惧害鏂囧簱

鏂板缓

涓婁紶

棣栭〉

鍔╂墜

鏈�杩?/div>

璧勬枡搴?/div>

宸ュ叿

H

2

SO

4

锛?/p>

H

3

PO

4

娣峰悎閰哥殑鐢典綅婊村畾

 

 

鐩�鐨勮�佹眰

 

1.

瀛︿範鐢典綅婊村畾鐨勫熀鏈�鍘熺悊鍜屾搷浣滄妧鏈�锛�

 

2.

杩愮敤

pH-V

鏇茬嚎鍜岋紙

螖

pH/

螖

V

锛?/p>

-V

鏇茬嚎涓庝簩绾у井鍟嗘硶纭�瀹氭淮瀹氱粓鐐广�?/p>

 

 

鍩烘湰鍘熺悊

 

H

2

SO

4

鍜?/p>

H

3

PO

4

閮戒负寮洪吀锛?/p>

H

2

SO

4

鐨?/p>

pK

a2

=1.99

锛?/p>

H

3

PO

4

鐨?/p>

pK

a1

=2.12

锛?/p>

pK

a2

=7.20

锛?/p>

pK

a3

=12.36

锛岀敱

pK

a

鍊煎彲鐭ワ紝褰撶敤鏍囧噯纰辨憾娑叉淮瀹氭椂锛?/p>

H

2

SO

4

鍙�鍏ㄩ儴琚�涓�鍜岋紝涓斾骇鐢�

pH

鐨?/p>

绐佽穬锛岃�屽湪

H

3

PO

4

鐨勭��浜屽寲瀛﹁�￠噺鐐规椂锛屼粛鏈�

pH

鍊肩殑绐佽穬鍑虹幇锛屽洜姝ゆ牴鎹�婊村畾杩囩▼涓�

pH

鍊肩殑鍙樺寲鎯呭喌锛屽彲浠ョ‘瀹氭淮瀹氱粓鐐癸紝杩涜�屾眰寰楀悇缁勫垎鐨勫惈閲忋�?/p>

 

纭�瀹氭贩鍚堥吀鐨勬淮瀹氱粓鐐瑰彲鐢ㄦ寚绀哄墏娉曪紙鏈�濂芥槸閲囩敤娣峰悎鎸囩ず鍓傦級

锛屼篃鍙�浠ョ敤鐜荤拑鐢垫瀬浣�

鎸囩ず鐢垫瀬锛岄ケ鍜岀敇姹炵數鏋佷綔鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬锛屽悓璇曟恫缁勬垚宸ヤ綔鐢垫睜锛?/p>

 

Ag

锛?/p>

AgCl

|

HCl(0.1mol/L)

|

鐜荤拑鑶?/p>

|H

2

SO

4

,H

3

PO

4

锛堣瘯娑诧級鈥?/p>

KCl(

楗卞拰

)|Hg

2

Cl

2

,Hg

 

鍦ㄦ淮瀹氳繃绋嬩腑锛岄�氳繃娴嬮噺宸ヤ綔鐢垫睜鐨勭數鍔ㄥ娍锛屼簡瑙ｆ憾娑?/p>

pH

鍊奸殢鍔犲叆鏍囧噯纰辨憾娑蹭綋绉?/p>

V

鐨勫彉鍖栨儏鍐碉紝鐒跺悗鐢?/p>

pH-V

鏇茬嚎鎴栵紙

螖

pH/

螖

V

锛?/p>

-V

鏇茬嚎姹傚緱缁堢偣鏃惰�楀幓

NaOH

鏍囧噯婧舵恫鐨勪綋

绉�锛屼篃鍙�鐢ㄤ簩绾у井鍟嗘硶姹傚嚭

螖

2

pH/

螖

V

2

=0

鏃讹紝鐩稿簲鐨?/p>

NaOH

鏍囧噯婧舵恫浣撶Н锛屽嵆寰楀嚭婊村畾缁堢偣銆?/p>

 

鏍规嵁鏍囧噯纰辨憾娑茬殑娴撳害銆佺敤鍘荤殑浣撶Н鍜岃瘯娑茬殑鐢ㄩ噺锛屽嵆鍙�姹傚嚭璇曟恫涓�鍚勭粍鍒嗙殑鍚�閲忋�?/p>

 

涓�銆佷华鍣?/p>

 

1

銆侀吀搴﹁��

 

2

銆?/p>

pH

澶嶅悎鐢垫瀬

 

3

銆佸�归噺鐡�

100mL

 

4

銆佸惛閲忕��

5mL

锛?/p>

10mL 

5

銆佸井閲忔淮瀹氱��

10mL 

浜屻�佽瘯鍓?/p>

 

1

銆?/p>

0.500 mol/L 

鑽夐吀鏍囧噯婧舵恫

 

2

銆?/p>

0.1mol/L

 NaOH

鏍囧噯婧舵恫锛堟祿搴﹀緟娴嬪畾锛?/p>

 

3

銆?/p>

H

2

SO

4

锛?/p>

H

3

PO

4

娣峰悎閰歌瘯娑?/p>

 

涓夈�佸疄楠屾�ラ�?/p>

 

1

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pH

婊村畾妗ｃ�傛憳鍘?/p>

pH

澶嶅悎鐢垫瀬甯藉拰姗＄毊

濉烇紝骞舵��鏌ュ唴鐢垫瀬鏄�鍚︽蹈鍏ラケ鍜�

KCl

婧舵恫涓�锛屽�傛湭娴稿叆锛屽簲琛ュ厖楗卞拰

KCl

婧舵恫銆傚畨

瑁呯數鏋併�?/p>

 

2

銆佸噯纭�鍚稿彇鑽夐吀鏍囧噯婧舵�?/p>

5.00mL

锛?/p>

缃�浜�

100mL

瀹归噺鐡朵腑锛?/p>

鐢ㄦ按绋�閲婅嚦鍒诲害锛?/p>

娣峰悎鍧?/p>

 

鍖�銆?/p>

 

3

銆佸噯纭�鍚稿彇绋�閲婂悗鐨勮崏閰告爣鍑嗘憾娑?/p>

10.00mL

锛岀疆浜?/p>

100mL

鐑ф澂涓�锛屽姞姘磋嚦绾�

30mL

锛?/p>

鏀惧叆鎼呮媽瀛愩�?/p>

 

4

銆佸皢寰呮爣瀹氱殑

NaOH

婧舵恫瑁呭叆寰�閲忔淮瀹氱�′腑锛屼娇娑查潰鍦?/p>

0.00mL

澶勩�?/p>

 

5

銆佸紑鍔ㄦ悈鎷屽櫒锛岃皟鑺傝嚦閫傚綋鐨勬悈鎷岄�熷害锛岃繘琛岀矖娴嬶紝鍗虫祴閲忓湪鍔犲叆

NaOH

婧舵恫

0

锛?/p>

1

锛?/p>

 

 

 

 

 

2

锛屸�︼紝

8

锛?/p>

9

锛?/p>

10mL

鍚庯紝鍚勪釜鐐圭殑婧舵恫

pH

鍊硷紝鍒濇�ュ垽鏂�鍙戠敓

pH

鍊肩殑绐佽穬鏃舵墍闇�

 

 

 

 

鐨?/p>

NaOH

婧舵恫浣撶Н鑼冨洿锛?/p>

螖

V

ex

锛?/p>

銆?/p>

 

6

銆侀噸澶嶅疄楠屾�ラ�?/p>

3

銆?/p>

4

鐨勬搷浣滐紝鐒跺悗杩涜�岀粏娴嬶紝鍗冲湪娴嬪畾鐨勫寲瀛﹁�￠噺鐐归檮杩戝彇杈冨皬鐨勭瓑

浣撶Н澧為噺锛屽�炲姞娴嬮噺鐐圭殑瀵嗗害锛屽苟鍦ㄨ�诲彇婊村畾绠¤�绘暟鏃讹紝璇诲噯鑷冲皬鏁扮偣鍚庣��浜屼綅銆?/p>

濡傚湪绮楁祴鏃?/p>

螖

V

ex

涓?/p>

8~9mL

锛?/p>

鍒欏湪缁嗘祴鏃朵互

0.10mL

涓轰綋绉�澧為噺锛�

澧炲姞娴嬮噺鍔犲叆

NaOH

婧舵恫锛?/p>

8.00

锛?/p>

8.10

锛?/p>

8.20

锛屸�︼紝

8.90

锛屽拰

9.00mL

鏃跺悇鐐圭殑

pH

鍊笺�?/p>

 

6

銆佸惛鍙栨贩鍚堥吀璇曟恫

5.00mL

锛岀疆浜?/p>

100mL

瀹归噺鐡朵腑锛岀敤姘寸█閲婅嚦鍒诲害锛屾憞鍖�銆?/p>