瀛︿範鐨勮绱犮�婂姞娑呯殑淇℃伅鍔犲伐瀛︿範鐞嗚銆?/p>
涓�銆佸姞娑呬笌淇℃伅鍔犲伐瀛︿範鐞嗚绠�浠?/p>
锛堜竴锛夌綏浼壒路绫冲皵鏂峰姞娑?/p>
(Robert Mills Gagne
锛?/p>
1916--2002)
缇庡浗鏁欒偛蹇冪悊瀛﹀銆?/p>
60
骞翠唬锛岄殢鐫�淇℃伅绉戝鍜岃绠楁満绉戝鐨勫叴璧凤紝蹇冪悊瀛﹂鍩熷嚭鐜?/p>
浜嗏�滆鐭ュ績鐞嗗闈╁懡鈥?/p>
銆傝鐭ュ涔犵悊璁轰篃鍒嗕负涓ゆ淳鍚屾椂鍙戝睍鐫�锛屼竴娲炬槸浠ュゥ鑻忚礉灏斿拰甯冮瞾绾?/p>
涓轰唬琛紝寮鸿皟瀛︿範鑰呭師鏈夌煡璇嗙粨鏋勭殑閲嶈鎬э紝寮鸿皟瀛︿範鏄涔犺�呬富鍔ㄥ缓鏋勭殑杩囩▼锛岃绉颁负
寤烘瀯涓讳箟鑰呮垨缁撴瀯涓讳箟鑰呫�傚彟涓�娲惧嵆鏄互鍔犳秴涓轰唬琛ㄧ殑淇℃伅鍔犲伐瀛︼紝渚ч噸鐮旂┒浜鸿剳瀛︿範鍔?/p>
宸ョ煡璇嗙殑杩囩▼鍜岃寰嬶紝鍒嗘瀽淇℃伅浠庡閮ㄨ緭鍏ュぇ鑴戯紝缁忚繃鍔犲伐闃舵锛屽埌浜х敓澶栨樉鍙嶅簲鏃舵墍缁?/p>
鍘嗙殑淇℃伅鍔犲伐杩囩▼銆?/p>
鍔犳秴鍘熸槸缁忚繃涓ユ牸鐨勮涓轰富涔夊績鐞嗗璁粌鐨勫績鐞嗗瀹躲�傚湪鍏跺鏈敓
娑殑鍚庢湡锛屼粬鍚告敹鍏ヤ簡淇℃伅鍔犲伐蹇冪悊瀛︾殑鎬濇兂鍜屽缓鏋勪富涔夎鐭ュ涔犲績鐞嗗鐨勬�濇兂锛屽舰鎴愪簡
鏈夌悊璁烘敮鎸佷篃鏈夋妧鏈搷浣滄敮鎸佺殑瀛︿範鐞嗚銆傝繖涓�鐞嗚瑙ｉ噴浜嗗ぇ閮ㄥ垎璇惧爞瀛︿範锛屽苟鎻愬嚭浜嗗垏
瀹炲彲琛岀殑鏁欏鎿嶄綔姝ラ銆?/p>
鍔犳秴鐨勪富瑕佽憲浣滐細
銆婂涔犵殑鏉′欢銆?/p>
(1962)
銆?/p>
銆婃暀瀛﹁璁＄殑鍘熺悊銆?/p>
(1969)
銆婄煡璇嗙殑鑾峰緱銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1962
锛?/p>
銆婂涔犲涓綋鍙戝睍鐨勮础鐚�?/p>
锛?/p>
1970
锛?/p>
銆婃暀瀛︽柟娉曠殑瀛︿範鍩虹銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1976
锛?/p>
銆婅蹇嗙粨鏋勪笌瀛︿範缁撴灉銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1978
锛?/p>
銆婂涔犵粨鏋滃強鍏朵綔鐢ㄣ�?/p>
锛?/p>
1984
锛?/p>
銆婃暀瀛︾殑瀛︿範鍩虹銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1988
锛夌瓑銆?/p>
锛堜簩锛夊涔犵悊璁?/p>
瀛︿範鐞嗚鏄暀鑲插鍜屾暀鑲插績鐞嗗鐨勪竴闂ㄥ垎鏀绉戯紝鎻忚堪鎴栬鏄庝汉绫?/p>
鍜屽姩鐗╁涔犵殑绫诲瀷銆?/p>
杩囩▼锛屼互鍙婃湁鏁堝涔犵殑鏉′欢銆?/p>
瀛︿範鐞嗚鏄帰绌朵汉绫诲涔犳湰璐ㄥ強鍏跺舰鎴?/p>
鏈烘櫤鐨勫績鐞嗗鐞嗚銆傚畠閲嶇偣鐮旂┒瀛︿範鐨勬�ц川銆佽繃绋嬨�佸姩鏈轰互鍙婃柟娉曞拰绛栫暐绛夈�?/p>
瀛︿範鐞嗚
涓昏鍒嗕负涓ゅぇ鐞嗚浣撶郴锛氳涓轰富涔夛細鎶婂涔犵湅浣滃埡婵�涓庡弽搴斾箣闂磋仈缁撶殑寤虹珛锛?/p>
S-R
锛?/p>
锛屾槸灏?/p>
璇曢敊璇殑杩囩▼锛堣瘯璇級
銆備唬琛ㄤ汉鐗╂槸妗戜唬鍏嬪拰鏂噾绾炽�傝鐭ョ悊璁猴細璁や负瀛︿範鏄鎯呭鐨勭悊瑙?/p>
鎴栭】鎮燂紝鏄鐭ョ粨鏋勭殑鍙樺寲銆?/p>