绗笁绔?/p>
鑻辫璇█瀛?/p>
绗竴鑺?/p>
璇█瀛︽杩?/p>
璇█瀛︼紙
linguistics
锛夋槸瀵硅瑷�绉戝鍦拌繘琛岀爺绌剁殑瀛︾銆傝瑷�瀛︽墍瑕佺爺绌剁殑涓嶆槸鏌愪竴绉?/p>
鐗瑰畾鐨勮瑷�锛岃�屾槸浜虹被鎵�鏈夎瑷�鐨勭壒鎬с�?
Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage
.
Itstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral
.
璇█瀛︾爺绌剁殑鑼冪暣锛?/p>
Thescopeoflinguistics
锛夋瘮杈冨箍娉涳紝鍖呮嫭浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜鏂归潰锛?/p>
璇煶瀛?/p>
锛?/p>
Phonetics
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
闊崇郴瀛?/p>
锛?/p>
Phonology
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
褰㈡�佸
锛?/p>
Morphology
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
鍙ユ硶瀛?/p>
锛?/p>
Syntax
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
璇箟瀛︼紙
Semantics
锛?/p>
銆佽鐢ㄥ锛?/p>
Pragmatics
锛?/p>
銆佺ぞ浼氳瑷�瀛︼紙
Sociolinguistics
锛?/p>
銆佸績鐞嗚瑷�
瀛︼紙
Psycholinguistics
锛?/p>
銆佸簲鐢ㄨ瑷�瀛︼紙
Appliedlinguistics
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
姝ゅ锛屽湪璇█瀛︿腑杩樻湁涓�浜涢渶瑕佸尯鍒殑姒傚康锛屾瘮濡傦細
鈶?nbsp;
Prescriptivevs
.
Descriptive
瑙勫畾鎬т笌鎻忓啓鎬?/p>
鈶?nbsp;
Synchronicvs
.
Diachronic
鍏辨椂鎬т笌鍘嗘椂鎬э紙鐜颁唬鑻辫澶氱爺绌跺叡鏃舵�э級
鈶?nbsp;
Speechandwriting
瑷�璇笌鏂囧瓧
鈶?nbsp;
Langueandparole
璇█鍜岃█璇?/p>
鈶?nbsp;
Competenceandperformance
璇█鑳藉姏涓庤瑷�杩愮敤
绗簩鑺?/p>
璇煶瀛?/p>
璇煶瀛︼紙
phonetics
锛夋槸瀵瑰彂闊崇壒寰佺殑鐮旂┒
锛?/p>
phoneticsisthegeneralstudyofthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsorthestudyoftheph
onicmediumoflanguage
)
銆?/p>
鍙ｈ浜ら檯鐨勫獟浠嬫槸璇煶
(
speechsounds
)
锛屼篃灏辨槸璇翠汉浠�氳繃澹伴亾锛?/p>
vocaltrack
锛夊彂鍑?/p>
鐨勯煶鏉ヨ〃杈炬剰涔夈�傝繖绉嶅璇煶鐨勭爺绌惰鍙仛璇煶瀛?/p>
(
phonetics
)
銆?/p>
