绮惧搧鏂囨。
绮惧搧鏂囨。
璺ㄦ枃鍖栦氦闄呭棰樺瀷鍚嶈瘝瑙ｉ噴鏁寸悊锛?/p>
Intercultural communication
:intercultural communication
is a face-to-face communication between people from different cultural back-grounds .
Intracultural communication
:intracultural communication can be defined as the extent to which
there is shared interpersonal communication between members of the same culture
鈥?/p>
whether this
is in the majority .or within minority cultures .
Individualism :
broadly speaking ,individualism refers to the doctrine theater the interests of the
individual
are
of
ought
to
be
paramount
,and
that
all
values
,rights
and
duties
originate
in
individual
s
,it
emphasizes
individual
initiative
,independence
,individual
expression
,and
even
privacy .
Collectivism
: it is characterized by a rigid social framework that distinguish between in-groups
and out-groups .people expect their in-group to look after them ,and in exchange for that they fell
they
owe
absolute
loyalty
to
the
group
.collectivism
means
greater
emphasis
on
(1)the
views ,needs ,and goals of the in-groups rather than oneself ; (2)social norms and duty defined by
the in-group rather than behavior to get pleasure ; (3)beliefs shared with the in-group; rather than
beliefs
that
distinguish
self
from
ingroup
;
and
(4)great
readiness
to
cooperate
with
ingroup
membership .
Power distance
:it
鈥?/p>
s the extent to which a society accepts that power in relationships ,institutions,
and organizations is distributed unequally .
Context
:
it
鈥?/p>
s
the
information
that
surrounds
an
event
,it
is
in
extricably
bound
up
with
the
meaning of the event .
High-context communication
:it is a kind of communication in which most of the information is
already
in
the
person
;
while
very
little
is
in
the
coded
,explicitly
transmitted
part
of
the
message ,e.g.,Chinese ,Japanese
Low-context communication
:it
鈥?/p>
s just the opposite of high-context communication . it
鈥?/p>
s the mass
of information is rested in the explicit code ,e.g.
American German
High-context culture
:it's a kind of culture in which people are very homogeneous with regard to
experiences ,information networks ,and the like ,e.g. Chinese ,Japanese
Low-context
culture
:it's
a
kind
of
culture
in
which
the
population
is
less
homogeneous
and
therefore tends to compartmentalize interpersonal contacts ,e.g. American ,German
Activity orientation
:it is the way a culture views activity ,which is classified by kluckhohns and
strodtbeck as being ,being-in-becoming ,and doing.
Nonverbal communication:
nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a
communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment
and that have potential message value for the source or receiver.
Paralanguage
:certain
vocal
cues provided
us
with
information
with
which
to
make
judgments
about
characters
鈥?/p>
personalities
鈥?/p>
,
emotional
States
,and
rhetorical
activity .Paralanguage
involves
the linguistic elements of speech ,that is ,how something is said and not the actual meaning of the
spoken
words .most
classifications
divide
paralanguage
into
three
kinds
of
vocalizations
;vocal
characterizers ;vocal qualifiers ; and vocal segregates
M-time (monochromic time schedule ):
M-time cultures tend to think of time as something fixed
in nature ,something around us and from which we can not escape ; and ever-present part of the
environment ,just like the air we breathe