1
绗竴绔?/p>
铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ殑缁撴瀯涓庡姛鑳?/p>
铔嬬櫧璐ㄨ瘧鑷?/p>
albuminoid
锛岃璇嶆潵鑷媺涓佹枃
albumina
锛堣泲鐧斤級
銆?/p>
1838
骞达紝寰峰浗鍖栧瀹?/p>
Mulder
寤鸿閲囩敤
protein
涓�璇嶏紝绔嬪嵆寰楀埌鐟炲吀钁楀悕鍖栧瀹?/p>
Berzelius
鐨勬敮鎸侊紝閫愭笎琚鏈?/p>
鐣屾櫘閬嶉噰鐢紝璇ヨ瘝婧愯嚜甯岃厞鏂?/p>
蟺
蟻
慰
蟿
慰
锛屾剰涓烘渶鍘熷銆佹渶鍩烘湰銆佹渶閲嶈鐨勩�傚彲瑙侊紝铔?/p>
鐧借川鑷彂鐜板悗涓�鐩村彈鍒板寲瀛﹀鍜岀敓鐗╁瀹剁殑閲嶈銆傚洜涓鸿泲鐧借川鏄椿缁嗚優涓惈閲忔渶涓板瘜銆?/p>
鍔熻兘鏈�澶嶆潅鐨勭敓鐗╁ぇ鍒嗗瓙锛屾槸鍚勭鐢熺墿鍔熻兘涓昏鐨勪綋鐜拌�呫�傝泲鐧借川鏄互鏍搁吀涓烘ā鏉垮悎鎴?/p>
鐨勶紝鏄熀鍥犺〃杈剧殑涓昏浜х墿锛屽洜姝や汉浠皢鏍搁吀绉颁负鈥滈仐浼犲ぇ鍒嗗瓙鈥?/p>
锛岃�屾妸铔嬬櫧璐ㄧО涓衡�滃姛
鑳藉ぇ鍒嗗瓙鈥?/p>
銆傝繎
鍗婁釜澶氫笘绾互鏉ワ紝浠ユ牳閰?/p>
-
铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ殑缁撴瀯銆佸姛鑳藉強鍏剁浉浜掑叧绯讳负涓績锛岄�?/p>
娓愬舰鎴愪簡鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛︼紝鎴愪负甯﹂鐢熷懡绉戝杩涘叆鏂版椂浠ｇ殑榫欏ご銆?/p>
铔嬬櫧璐ㄦ槸
20
绉嶅ぉ鐒舵皑鍩洪吀缂╁悎鎴愮殑澶у垎瀛愶紝鍒嗗瓙閲忎粠
10kDa
鑷虫暟鐧?/p>
kDa
锛屾湁鐫�鏋?/p>
鍏跺鏉傜殑缁撴瀯銆?/p>
1952
骞翠腹楹︾敓鐗╁寲瀛﹀
Linderstrom-Lang
鎻愬嚭铔嬬櫧璐ㄤ笁绾х粨鏋勬蹇碉紝鎶?/p>
铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ爺绌剁撼鍏ユ杞ㄣ�傝秺鏉ヨ秺澶氱殑璇佹嵁闆勮京鍦拌〃鏄庯紝铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ殑鍔熻兘涓庡叾鐗规畩鐨勭粨鏋勬湁鐫�
鍗佸垎瀵嗗垏鐨勫唴鍦ㄨ仈绯伙紝缁撴瀯鏄壒瀹氬姛鑳界殑鍐呭湪渚濇嵁锛屽姛鑳藉垯鏄壒瀹氱粨鏋勭殑澶栧湪琛ㄧ幇銆傜洰
鍓嶏紝瀵逛簬铔嬬櫧璐ㄥ姛鑳界殑璁よ瘑鍖呮嫭浠ヤ笅涓変釜鏂归潰锛氣憼铔嬬櫧璐ㄥ鐢熷懡娲诲姩鐨勮础鐚紝鍗冲叾鐢熺墿
瀛︽剰涔夛紱鈶¤泲鐧借川鐨勫垎瀛愬姛鑳斤紝鍗冲畠鍙備笌瀹屾垚鐨勭敓鍖栨椿鍔紱鈶㈣泲鐧借川鐨勪簹缁嗚優瀹氫綅锛屽嵆
鍏跺彂鎸ュ姛鑳界殑浣嶇疆涓庣幆澧冦�備互姘撮�氶亾铔嬬櫧锛?/p>
aquaporin
锛変负渚嬶紝瀹冪殑鍥涜仛浣撳畾浣嶄簬绾㈢粏鑳炪�?/p>
鑲剧粏鑳炵瓑鐨勮川鑶滀腑锛屽舰鎴愪竴涓�氶亾锛屽叾鍔熻兘灏辨槸鍏佽姘村垎瀛愰�氳繃锛屼负缁存寔缁嗚優鍐呭娓楅�?/p>
鍘嬪钩琛′綔鍑鸿础鐚�傚洜姝わ紝闃愭槑铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ殑鍒嗗瓙缁撴瀯鍙婂叾涓庡姛鑳界殑鍏崇郴鏄幇浠ｇ敓鐗╁寲瀛︾殑鍩?/p>
鏈懡棰橈紝鏄彮绀虹敓鍛借繍鍔ㄨ寰嬬殑蹇呯敱涔嬭矾锛屽簲褰撳彈鍒版墍鏈夌敓鍛界瀛﹀伐浣滆�呯殑鍏虫敞銆傞殢鐫�
杩欎簺鐢熺墿澶у垎瀛愬強鍏跺鍚堢墿绮剧‘涓夌淮缁撴瀯鐨勬祴瀹氫互鎸囨暟鏇茬嚎澧為暱锛屽凡绱Н浜嗙浉褰撳鐨勬湁
鍏虫暟鎹�傚湪姝ゅ熀纭�涔嬩笂锛屽崄澶氬勾鏉ュ舰鎴愪簡浠ョ爺绌剁敓鐗╁ぇ鍒嗗瓙鍙婂叾澶嶅悎鐗╁拰缁勮浣撶殑涓夌淮
缁撴瀯銆佽繍鍔ㄥ拰鐩镐簰浣滅敤锛屼互鍙婂畠浠笌鐢熺墿瀛﹀姛鑳藉拰鐥呯悊鐜拌薄鐨勫叧绯讳负涓昏鍐呭鐨勬柊鍏村
绉戔�斺�旂粨鏋勭敓鐗╁锛屾妸鐢熷懡绉戝鎺ㄨ繘鍒版柊鐨勬椂浠ｃ�?/p>
1.1
铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ殑鍒嗗瓙缁撴瀯
鎸夌粨鏋勭壒鐐瑰ぉ鐒惰泲鐧借川鍙垝鍒嗕负锛氱悆褰㈣泲鐧借川锛?/p>
globular
protein
锛?/p>
銆佺氦缁寸姸铔嬬櫧璐?/p>
锛?/p>
fibrous protein
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
鑶滆泲鐧?/p>
锛?/p>
membrane protein
锛?/p>
鍜屽ぉ鐒舵棤搴忚泲鐧借川
锛?/p>
intrinsically disordered
protein
锛?/p>
锛屽叾涓紝琚爺绌跺緱鏈�鏃┿�佹渶澶氬拰鏈�娣卞叆鐨勫綋灞炵悆褰㈣泲鐧借川銆?/p>
1952
骞达紝涓归害鐢熺墿
鍖栧瀹?/p>
Linderstrom-Lang
鎶婄悆褰㈣泲鐧借川鐨勫垎瀛愮粨鏋勫垝鍒嗕负涓変釜涓嶅悓鐨勭粍缁囧眰娆★紙
level,
hierarchy
锛?/p>
锛氫竴绾х粨鏋勶紙
primary structure
锛夋寚澶氳偨閾句腑姘ㄥ熀閰告畫鍩虹殑鏁扮洰銆佺粍鎴愬強鍏舵帓鍒?/p>
椤哄簭锛?/p>
N-
绔啋
C-
绔級
锛屽嵆鐢卞叡浠烽敭缁寸郴鐨勫鑲介摼鐨勪竴缁达紙绾挎�э級缁撴瀯锛屼笉娑夊強绌洪棿鎺掑垪銆?/p>
浜岀骇缁撴瀯锛?/p>
secondary
structure
锛夋槸澶氳偨閾句富閾撅紙
backbone
锛夊湪姘㈤敭绛夋绾ч敭浣滅敤涓嬫姌鍙?/p>
鎴愮殑鏋勮薄鍗曞厓鎴栧眬閮ㄧ┖闂寸粨鏋勶紝鏈�冭檻渚ч摼鐨勬瀯璞″拰鏁翠釜鑲介摼鐨勭┖闂存帓甯冦�備笁绾х粨鏋?/p>
锛?/p>
tertiary
structure
锛夊垯鎸囨暣涓偨閾剧殑姘ㄥ熀閰告畫鍩轰晶閾惧熀鍥簰鐩镐綔鐢ㄤ互鍙婁笌鐜闂寸殑鐩镐簰
浣滅敤涓嬪舰鎴愮殑涓夌淮缁撴瀯銆?/p>
1958
骞磋嫳鍥芥櫠浣撳瀹?/p>
Bernal
鍙戠幇瀵¤仛铔嬬櫧鐢卞叿鏈変笁绾х粨鏋勭殑浜?