87
鍒嗘瀽鍖栧锛堥珮鏁欑浜旂増锛夎鍚庝範棰樺強鎬濊�冮
绗叓绔?/p>
鐢典綅鍒嗘瀽娉?/p>
鎬?/p>
鑰?/p>
棰?/p>
1.
鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬鍜屾寚绀虹數鏋佹湁鍝簺绫诲瀷锛熷畠浠殑涓昏浣滅敤鏄粈涔堬紵
绛旓細鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬鍖呮嫭鏍囧噯姘㈢數鏋侊紙
SHE
锛?/p>
锛屾爣鍑嗘阿鐢垫瀬鏄渶绮剧‘鐨勫弬姣旂數鏋侊紝鏄弬姣旂數鏋?/p>
鐨勪竴绾ф爣鍑嗐�傚疄闄呭伐浣滀腑甯哥敤鐨勫弬姣旂數鏋佹槸鐢樻睘鐢垫瀬鍜岄摱
-
姘寲閾剁數鏋併�?/p>
鍙傛瘮鐢垫瀬鐢典綅鎭掑畾锛屽叾涓昏浣滅敤鏄祴閲忕數姹犵數鍔ㄥ娍锛岃绠楃數鏋佺數浣嶇殑鍩哄噯銆?/p>
鎸囩ず鐢垫瀬鍖呮嫭閲戝睘
-
閲戝睘绂诲瓙鐢垫瀬锛岄噾灞?/p>
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閲戝睘闅炬憾鐩愮數鏋侊紝姹炵數鏋侊紝鎯版�ч噾灞炵數鏋侊紝
绂诲瓙閫夋嫨鎬х數鏋併�?/p>
鎸囩ず鐢垫瀬鑳藉揩閫熻�岀伒鏁忕殑瀵规憾娑蹭腑鍙備笌鍗婂弽搴旂殑绂诲瓙娲诲害鎴栦笉鍚屾哀鍖栨�佺殑绂诲瓙鐨勬椿搴?/p>
姣旓紝浜х敓鑳芥柉鐗瑰搷搴旓紝涓昏浣滅敤鏄祴瀹氭憾娑蹭腑鍙備笌鍗婂弽搴旂殑绂诲瓙娲诲害銆?/p>
2.
鐩存帴鐢典綅娉曠殑渚濇嵁鏄粈涔堬紵涓轰粈涔堢敤姝ゆ硶娴嬪畾婧舵恫
pH
鏃讹紝
蹇呴』浣跨敤鏍囧噯
pH
缂撳啿婧?/p>
娑诧紵
绛旓細鐩存帴鐢典綅娉曟槸閫氳繃娴嬮噺鐢垫睜鐢靛姩鍔挎潵纭畾寰呮祴绂诲瓙娲诲害鐨勬柟娉曪紝鍏朵富瑕佷緷鎹槸
E=
桅
鍙傛瘮
鈥?/p>
桅
Mn+/M
=
桅
鍙傛瘮
鈥?/p>
桅
胃
Mn+/M
鈥?/p>
nF
RT
ln
伪
Mn+
寮忎腑
桅
鍙傛瘮
鍜?/p>
桅
胃
Mn+/M
鍦ㄦ俯搴︿竴瀹氭椂锛?/p>
閮芥槸甯?
鏁般�傜敱姝ゅ紡鍙煡锛屽緟娴嬬瀛愮殑娲诲害鐨勫鏁颁笌鐢垫睜鐢靛姩鍔挎垚鐩寸嚎鍏崇郴锛屽彧瑕佹祴鍑虹數姹犵數鍔ㄥ娍
E
锛屽氨鍙眰寰?/p>
伪
Mn+
銆?/p>
娴嬪畾婧舵恫鐨?/p>
pH
鏃舵槸渚濇嵁锛?/p>
E =
桅
Hg
2
Cl
2
/Hg
鈥?/p>
桅
AgCl/Ag
鈥?/p>
K + 0.059 pH
璇?/p>
+
桅
L
,
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涓?/p>
桅
Hg
2
Cl
2
/Hg
锛?/p>
桅
AgCl/Ag
锛?/p>
K
锛?/p>
桅
L
鍦ㄤ竴瀹氱殑鏉′欢涓嬮兘鏄父鏁帮紝灏嗗叾鍚堝苟涓?/p>
K
藠锛岃�?/p>
K
藠涓寘鎷?
闅句互娴嬮噺鍜岃绠楃殑涓嶅绉扮數浣嶅拰娑叉帴鐢典綅銆傛墍浠ュ湪瀹為檯娴嬮噺涓娇鐢ㄦ爣鍑嗙紦鍐叉憾娑蹭綔涓哄熀
鍑嗭紝
骞舵瘮杈冨寘鍚緟娴嬫憾娑插拰鍖呭惈鏍囧噯缂撳啿婧舵恫鐨勪袱涓伐浣滅數姹犵殑鐢靛姩鍔挎潵纭畾寰呮祴婧舵恫鐨?/p>
pH
鍊硷紝鍗筹細
25
鈩冩椂
Es = Ks
藠
+ 0.059pHs, Ex = Kx
藠
+ 0.059pHx,
鑻ユ祴閲?/p>
Es
鍜?/p>
Ex
鏃剁殑鏉?/p>
浠朵繚鎸佷笉鍙橈紝鍒?/p>
Ks
藠
= Kx
藠
,pHx =pHs+(Ex -Es)/0.059 ,
鐢辨鍙煡锛屽叾涓爣鍑嗙紦鍐叉憾娑茬殑
浣滅敤鏄‘瀹?/p>
K
藠銆?/p>
3.
绠�杩?/p>
pH
鐜荤拑鐢垫瀬鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ師鐞嗐�?/p>
绛旓細
鐜荤拑鐢垫瀬鐨勪富瑕侀儴鍒嗘槸
涓�
涓幓鐠冩场锛?/p>
娉＄殑涓嬪崐閮ㄦ槸瀵?/p>
H
+
鏈夐�夋嫨鎬у搷搴旂殑鐜荤拑钖?/p>
鑶滐紝娉″唴瑁呮湁
pH
涓�瀹氱殑
0.1mol
路
L
-1
鐨?/p>
HCl
鍐呭弬姣旀憾娑诧紝鍏朵腑鎻掑叆涓�鏀?/p>
Ag-AgCl
鐢垫瀬浣滀负
鍐呭弬姣旂數鏋侊紝杩欐牱灏辨瀯鎴愪簡鐜荤拑鐢垫瀬銆傜幓鐠冪數鏋佷腑鍐呭弬姣旂數鏋佺殑鐢典綅鏄亽瀹氱殑锛屼笌寰呮祴婧?/p>
娑茬殑
pH
鏃犲叧銆傜幓鐠冪數鏋佷箣鎵�浠ヨ兘娴嬪畾婧舵恫
pH
锛屾槸鐢变簬鐜荤拑鑶滀骇鐢熺殑鑶滅數浣嶄笌寰呮祴婧舵恫
pH