1
缁冧範
鍗佷笁
鐭ヨ瘑鐐癸細鐞嗘兂姘斾綋鐘舵�佹柟绋嬨�佹俯搴︺�佸帇寮哄叕寮忋�佽兘閲忓潎鍒嗗師鐞嗐�佺悊鎯虫皵浣撳唴鑳?/p>
涓�銆侀�夋嫨棰?/p>
1
锛?/p>
瀹瑰櫒涓偍鏈変竴瀹氶噺鐨勫浜庡钩琛＄姸鎬佺殑鐞嗘兂姘斾綋锛屾俯搴︿负
T
锛屽垎瀛愯川閲忎负
m
锛屽垯鍒嗗瓙閫熷害鍦?/p>
x
鏂瑰悜鐨勫垎閲?/p>
骞冲潎鍊间负
锛堟牴鎹悊鎯虫皵浣撳垎瀛愭ā鍨嬪拰缁熻鍋囪璁ㄨ锛?/p>
( )
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
1
8
3
蟺
x
kT
m
飦?/p>
飥?
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
8
3
蟺
x
kT
m
飦?/p>
飥?
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
m
kT
x
2
3
飥?/p>
飦?/p>
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
D
锛?/p>
0
飥?/p>
x
飦?/p>
銆?/p>
瑙?/p>
:(D)
骞宠 鐘舵�佷笅
,
姘斾綋鍒嗗瓙鍦ㄧ┖闂寸殑瀵嗗害鍒嗗竷鍧囧寑
,
娌垮悇涓柟鍚戣繍鍔ㄧ殑骞冲潎鍒嗗瓙鏁扮浉绛?/p>
,
鍒嗗瓙閫熷害鍦ㄥ悇涓柟
鍚戠殑鍒嗛噺鐨勫悇绉嶅钩鍧囧�肩浉绛?/p>
,
鍒嗗瓙鏁扮洰鎰堝
,
杩欑鍋囪鐨勫噯纭害鎰堥珮
.
2
锛?/p>
鑻ョ悊鎯虫皵浣撶殑浣撶Н涓?/p>
V
锛屽帇寮轰负
p
锛屾俯搴︿负
T
锛屼竴涓垎瀛愮殑璐ㄩ噺涓?/p>
m
锛?/p>
k
涓虹幓鑰冲吂鏇煎父閲忥紝
R
涓烘懇灏旀皵浣撳父
閲忥紝鍒欒鐞嗘兂姘斾綋鐨勫垎瀛愭暟涓?/p>
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
pV
/
m
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
pV
/(
kT
)
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
pV
/(
RT
)
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
D
锛?/p>
pV
/(
mT
)
銆?/p>
瑙?/p>
: (B)
鐞嗘兂姘斾綋鐘舵�佹柟绋?/p>
NkT
T
N
R
N
RT
m
N
Nm
RT
M
M
pV
A
A
mol
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
3
锛庢牴鎹皵浣撳姩鐞嗚锛屽崟鍘熷瓙鐞嗘兂姘斾綋鐨勬俯搴︽姣斾簬
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
A
锛夋皵浣撶殑浣撶Н锛?/p>
锛?/p>
B
锛夋皵浣撶殑鍘嬪己锛?/p>
锛?/p>
C
锛夋皵浣撳垎瀛愮殑骞冲潎鍔ㄩ噺锛涳紙
D
锛夋皵浣撳垎瀛愮殑骞冲潎骞冲姩鍔ㄨ兘銆?/p>
瑙?/p>
: (D)
kT
v
m
k
2
3
2
1
2
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飦?/p>
(
鍒嗗瓙鐨勮川閲忎负
m
)
4
锛庢湁涓や釜瀹瑰櫒锛屼竴涓洓姘㈡皵锛屽彟涓�涓洓姘ф皵锛屽鏋滀袱绉嶆皵浣撳垎瀛愮殑鏂瑰潎鏍归�熺巼鐩哥瓑锛岄偅涔堢敱姝ゅ彲浠ュ緱鍑轰笅
鍒楃粨璁猴紝姝ｇ‘鐨勬槸
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
A
锛夋哀姘旂殑娓╁害姣旀阿姘旂殑楂橈紱
锛?/p>
B
锛夋阿姘旂殑娓╁害姣旀哀姘旂殑楂橈紱
锛?/p>
C
锛変袱绉嶆皵浣撶殑娓╁害鐩稿悓锛?/p>
锛?/p>
D
锛変袱绉嶆皵浣撶殑鍘嬪己鐩稿悓銆?/p>
瑙?/p>
:(A)
kT
v
m
k
2
3
2
1
2
飥?/p>
飥?
飦?/p>
,
2
2
2
2
H
O
H
O
T
T
m
m
飥?/p>
(
鍒嗗瓙鐨勮川閲忎负
m
)
5
锛庡鏋滃湪涓�鍥哄畾瀹瑰櫒鍐咃紝鐞嗘兂姘斾綋鍒嗗瓙閫熺巼閮芥彁楂樹负鍘熸潵鐨?/p>
2
鍊嶏紝閭ｄ箞
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
A
锛夋俯搴﹀拰鍘嬪己閮藉崌楂樹负鍘熸潵鐨?/p>
2
鍊嶏紱
锛?/p>
B
锛夋俯搴﹀崌楂樹负鍘熸潵鐨?/p>
2
鍊嶏紝鍘嬪己鍗囬珮涓哄師鏉ョ殑
4
鍊嶏紱
锛?/p>
C
锛夋俯搴﹀崌楂樹负鍘熸潵鐨?/p>
4
鍊嶏紝鍘嬪己鍗囬珮涓哄師鏉ョ殑
2
鍊嶏紱
锛?/p>
D
锛夋俯搴︿笌鍘嬪己閮藉崌楂樹负鍘熸潵鐨?/p>
4
鍊嶃�?/p>
瑙?/p>
:(D)
鏍规嵁鍏紡
2
3
1
v
nm
p
飥?
,
nkT
p
飥?/p>
鍗冲彲鍒ゆ柇
.
(
鍒嗗瓙鐨勮川閲忎负
m
)
6
锛庝竴瀹氶噺鏌愮悊鎯虫皵浣撴寜
pV
2
锛濇亽閲忕殑瑙勫緥鑶ㄨ儉锛屽垯鑶ㄨ儉鍚庣悊鎯虫皵浣撶殑娓╁害
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
A
锛夊皢鍗囬珮锛?/p>
锛?/p>
B
锛夊皢闄嶄綆锛?/p>
锛?/p>
C
锛変笉鍙橈紱
锛?/p>
D
锛夊崌楂樿繕鏄檷浣庯紝涓嶈兘纭畾銆?/p>
瑙?/p>
:(B)
pV
2
锛濇亽閲?/p>
,
pV
/
T
锛濇亽閲?/p>
,
涓ゅ紡鐩搁櫎寰?/p>
VT
锛濇亽閲?/p>
浜屻�佸～绌洪
1
锛?/p>
璐ㄩ噺涓?/p>
M
锛?/p>
鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺涓?/p>
M
mol
锛?/p>
鍒嗗瓙鏁板瘑搴︿负
n
鐨勭悊鎯虫皵浣擄紝
澶勪簬骞宠 鎬佹椂锛?/p>
鐘舵�佹柟绋嬩负
_______________
锛?/p>
鐘舵�佹柟绋嬬殑鍙︿竴褰㈠紡涓?/p>
_____________
锛屽叾涓?/p>
k
绉颁负
____________
甯告暟銆?/p>
瑙?/p>
:
RT
M
M
pV
mol
飥?/p>
;
nkT
p
飥?/p>
;
鐜昏�冲吂鏇煎父鏁?/p>
2
锛?/p>
涓ょ涓嶅悓绉嶇被鐨勭悊鎯虫皵浣擄紝
鍏跺垎瀛愮殑骞冲潎骞冲姩鍔ㄨ兘鐩哥瓑锛?/p>
浣嗗垎瀛愭暟瀵嗗害涓嶅悓锛?/p>
鍒欏畠浠殑娓╁害
锛?/p>
鍘嬪己
銆傚鏋滃畠浠殑娓╁害銆佸帇寮虹浉鍚岋紝浣嗕綋绉笉鍚岋紝鍒欏畠浠殑鍒嗗瓙鏁板瘑搴?/p>
锛屽崟浣嶄綋绉?/p>
鐨勬皵浣撹川閲?/p>
锛屽崟浣嶄綋绉殑鍒嗗瓙骞冲姩鍔ㄨ兘
銆?/p>
锛堝～鈥滅浉鍚屸�濇垨鈥滀笉鍚屸�?/p>
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
瑙?/p>
:
骞冲潎骞冲姩鍔ㄨ兘
kT
v
m
k
2
3
2
1
2
飥?/p>
飥?
飦?/p>
,
nkT
p
飥?/p>
飪?/p>
鐩稿悓
,
涓嶅悓
;
鐩稿悓
,
涓嶅悓
;
鐩稿悓
.
(
鍒嗗瓙鐨勮川閲忎负
m
)
3
锛庣悊鎯虫皵浣撶殑寰妯″瀷锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
___________________________________
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
____________________________________
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
____________________________
銆傜畝瑷�涔嬬悊鎯虫皵浣撶殑寰妯″瀷灏辨槸
____________________
銆?/p>
瑙?/p>
:
(1)
姘斾綋鍒嗗瓙鐨勫ぇ灏忎笌姘斾綋鍒嗗瓙闂寸殑璺濈鐩告瘮杈?/p>
,
鍙互蹇界暐涓嶈
.(2)
姘斾綋鍒嗗瓙鐨勮繍鍔ㄦ湇浠庣粡鍏稿姏瀛﹁寰?/p>
.
鍦?/p>
纰版挒涓?/p>
,
姣忎釜鍒嗗瓙閮藉彲浠ョ湅浣滃畬鍏ㄥ脊鎬х殑灏忕悆
.(3)
闄ょ鎾炵殑鐬棿澶?/p>
,
鍒嗗瓙闂寸浉浜掍綔鐢ㄥ姏鍙互蹇界暐涓嶈銆?/p>
绠�瑷�涔?/p>
:
姘斾綋鍒嗗瓙鏄嚜鐢卞湴銆佹棤瑙勫垯鍦拌繍鍔ㄧ潃鐨勫脊鎬у垎瀛愮殑闆嗗悎銆?/p>
4
锛庢阿鍒嗗瓙鐨勮川閲忎负
3.3
飩?/p>
10
飥?/p>
24
g
锛屽鏋滄瘡绉掓湁
10
23
涓阿鍒嗗瓙娌跨潃涓庡鍣ㄥ櫒澹佺殑娉曠嚎鎴?/p>
45
飩?/p>
瑙掓柟鍚戜互
10
5
cm/s
鐨勯�熺巼鎾炲嚮鍦?/p>
2.0cm
2
闈㈢Н涓婏紙纰版挒鏄畬鍏ㄥ脊鎬х殑锛?/p>
锛屽垯鐢辫繖浜涙阿姘斿垎瀛愪骇鐢熺殑鍘嬪己涓?/p>
_________________
銆?/p>