绗崄鍗曞厓銆婇吀鍜岀⒈銆嬬煡璇嗙偣
涓�銆侀吀銆佺⒈銆佺洂鐨勭粍鎴?/p>
閰告槸鐢辨阿鍏冪礌鍜岄吀鏍圭粍鎴愮殑鍖栧悎鐗?/p>
濡傦細纭吀锛?/p>
H
2
SO
4
锛?/p>
銆佺洂閰革紙
HCl
锛?/p>
銆佺閰?/p>
(HNO
3
)
纰辨槸鐢遍噾灞炲厓绱犲拰姘㈡哀鏍圭粍鎴愮殑鍖栧悎鐗?/p>
濡傦細姘㈡哀鍖栭挔銆佹阿姘у寲閽欍�佹皑姘达紙
NH
3
路
H
2
O
锛?/p>
鐩愭槸鐢遍噾灞炲厓绱狅紙鎴栭摰鏍癸級鍜岄吀鏍圭粍鎴愮殑鍖栧悎鐗?/p>
濡傦細姘寲閽犮�佺⒊閰搁挔
閰搞�佺⒈銆佺洂鐨勬按婧舵恫鍙互瀵肩數锛堝師鍥狅細婧朵簬姘存椂绂昏В褰㈡垚鑷敱绉诲姩鐨勯槾銆侀槼绂诲瓙锛?/p>
浜屻�侀吀
1
銆佹祿鐩愰吀銆佹祿纭吀鐨勭墿鐞嗘�ц川銆佺壒鎬с�佺敤閫?/p>
娴撶洂閰?/p>
娴撶～閰?/p>
棰滆壊銆佺姸鎬?/p>
鈥滅函鍑�鈥?/p>
锛氭棤鑹叉恫浣?/p>
宸ヤ笟鐢ㄧ洂閰革細榛勮壊锛堝惈
Fe
3+
锛?/p>
鏃犺壊绮樼銆佹补鐘舵恫浣?/p>
姘斿懗
鏈夊埡婵�鎬ф皵鍛?/p>
鏃?/p>
鐗规�?/p>
鎸ュ彂鎬?/p>
(
鏁炲彛缃簬绌烘皵涓紝
鐡跺彛鏈夌櫧闆?/p>
)
鍚告按鎬?/p>
鑴辨按鎬?/p>
鑵愯殌鎬?/p>
鐢ㄩ�?/p>
鈶犻噾灞為櫎閿?/p>
鈶″埗閫犺嵂鐗?/p>
鈶汉浣撲腑鍚湁灏戦噺鐩愰吀锛屽姪娑堝寲
鈶犻噾灞為櫎閿?/p>
鈶℃祿纭吀浣滃共鐕ュ墏
鈶㈢敓浜у寲鑲ャ�佺簿鐐肩煶娌?/p>
2
銆侀吀鐨勯�氭�э紙鍏锋湁閫氭�х殑鍘熷洜锛氶吀绂昏В鏃舵墍鐢熸垚鐨勯槼绂诲瓙鍏ㄩ儴鏄?/p>
H
+
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛変笌閰哥⒈鎸囩ず鍓傜殑鍙嶅簲锛?/p>
浣跨传鑹茬煶钑婅瘯娑插彉绾㈣壊锛屼笉鑳戒娇鏃犺壊閰氶厼璇曟恫鍙樿壊
锛?/p>
2
锛夐噾灞?/p>
+
閰?/p>
鈫?/p>
鐩?/p>
+
姘㈡皵
锛?/p>
3
锛夐噾灞炴哀鍖栫墿
+
閰?/p>
鈫?/p>
鐩?/p>
+
姘?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛夌⒈
+
閰?/p>
鈫?/p>
鐩?/p>
+
姘?/p>
3
銆佷笁绉嶇瀛愮殑妫�楠?/p>
璇曞墏
Cl
-
AgNO
3
鍙?/p>
HNO
3
SO
4
2-
鈶?/p>
Ba(NO
3
)
2
鍙?/p>
HNO
3
鈶?/p>
HCl
鍙?/p>
BaCl
2
CO
3
2-
HCl
鍙婃緞娓呯煶鐏版按
涓夈�佺⒈
1
銆佹阿姘у寲閽犮�佹阿姘у寲閽欑殑鐗╃悊鎬ц川銆佺敤閫?/p>
姘㈡哀鍖栭挔
姘㈡哀鍖栭挋
棰滆壊銆佺姸鎬?/p>
鐧借壊鍥轰綋锛屾瀬鏄撴憾浜庢按锛堟憾瑙ｆ斁鐑級
鐧借壊绮夋湯锛屽井婧朵簬姘?/p>
淇楀悕
鐑х⒈銆佺伀纰便�佽嫑鎬ч挔锛堝叿鏈夊己鑵愯殌鎬э級
鐔熺煶鐏般�佹秷鐭崇伆
鍒舵硶
Ca(OH)
2
+Na
2
CO
3
== CaCO
3
鈫?/p>
+2NaOH
CaO +H
2
O== Ca(OH)
2
鐢ㄩ�?/p>
鈶犳阿姘у寲閽犲浐浣撲綔骞茬嚗鍓?/p>
鈶″寲宸ュ師鏂欙細鍒惰偉鐨傘�侀�犵焊
鈶㈠幓闄ゆ补姹★細鐐夊叿娓呮磥鍓備腑鍚阿姘у寲
閽?/p>
鈶犲伐涓氾細鍒舵紓鐧界矇
鈶″啘涓氾細鏀硅壇閰告�у湡澹ゃ�侀厤娉㈠皵澶?
娑?/p>
鈶㈠缓绛戯細
2
銆佺⒈鐨勯�氭�э紙鍏锋湁閫氭�х殑鍘熷洜锛氱瑙ｆ椂鎵�鐢熸垚鐨勯槾绂诲瓙鍏ㄩ儴鏄?/p>
OH
-
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夌⒈婧舵恫涓庨吀纰辨寚绀哄墏鐨勫弽搴旓細
浣跨传鑹茬煶钑婅瘯娑插彉钃濊壊锛屼娇鏃犺壊閰氶厼璇曟恫鍙樼孩鑹?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夐吀鎬ф哀鍖栫墿
+
纰?/p>
鈫?/p>
鐩?/p>
+
姘?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛夐吀
+
纰?/p>
鈫?/p>
鐩?/p>
+
姘?/p>
鍥涖�佷腑鍜屽弽搴?/p>
婧舵恫閰哥⒈搴︾殑琛ㄧず娉曗�斺�?/p>
pH
1
銆佸畾涔夛細閰镐笌纰变綔鐢ㄧ敓鎴愮洂鍜屾按鐨勫弽搴?/p>
2
銆佸簲鐢細
锛?/p>
1
锛夋敼鍙樺湡澹ょ殑閰哥⒈鎬э紙
2
锛夊鐞嗗伐鍘傜殑搴熸按锛?/p>
3
锛夌敤浜庡尰鑽?/p>
3
銆佹憾娑查吀纰卞害鐨勮〃绀烘硶鈥斺�?/p>
pH
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
14
閰告�у寮?/p>
涓�?/p>
纰辨�у寮?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
pH
鐨勬祴瀹氾細鏈�绠�鍗曠殑鏂规硶鏄娇鐢?/p>
pH
璇曠焊锛氱敤鐜荤拑妫掞紙鎴栨淮绠★級铇稿彇寰呮祴璇曟恫灏戣锛屾淮鍦?/p>
pH
璇曠焊涓婏紝鏄?/p>
鑹插悗涓庢爣鍑嗘瘮鑹插崱瀵圭収锛岃鍑烘憾娑茬殑
pH
锛堣鏁颁负鏁存暟锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛夐吀闆細姝ｅ父闆ㄦ按鐨?/p>
pH
绾︿负
5.6
锛堝洜涓烘憾鏈?/p>
CO
2
锛?/p>
pH<5.6
鐨勯洦姘翠负閰搁洦