绗簩绔?/p>
寰敓鐗╃殑鍩虹鐭ヨ瘑
1
銆佸井鐢熺墿鐢熺悊瀛︽槸锛堝井鐢熺墿瀛︼級鐨勪竴涓噸瑕佸垎鏀紝鏄粠锛堢敓鐞嗙敓鍖栵級鐨勮搴︾爺绌跺井鐢熺墿缁?/p>
鑳炵殑
锛堝舰鎬佺粨鏋勶級鍜?/p>
锛堝姛鑳斤級
銆?/p>
锛堟柊闄堜唬璋級
銆?/p>
锛堢敓闀跨箒娈栵級
绛夊井鐢熺墿
锛堢敓鍛芥椿鍔ㄨ寰嬶級鐨勫绉戙�?/p>
2
銆佸井鐢熺墿鐢熺悊瀛︾爺绌朵腑甯哥敤鐨勬妧鏈笌鏂规硶鍖呮嫭锛堢數瀛愭樉寰暅鎶�鏈級
锛堣秴绂诲績鎶�鏈級
锛堝厜璋辨妧
鏈級
锛堝悓浣嶇礌鎶�鏈級
锛堝眰鏋愭妧鏈級
锛堢數娉虫妧鏈級
銆?/p>
3
銆佸井鐢熺墿鐢熺悊瀛︾殑鍙戝睍鍙插垎涓猴紙锛?/p>
锛堬級
锛堬級涓変釜闃舵銆?/p>
1.
寰敓鐗╃殑褰㈡�佺粨鏋勶細
1
缁嗚優澹?/p>
2
缁嗚優鑶?/p>
3
鏍歌川浣?/p>
4
闂翠綋
5
璐棌鐗?/p>
6
缁嗚優璐?/p>
7
鑺藉
8
闉瘺
9
鑿屾瘺
10
鎬ц弻姣?/p>
11
鑽氭姽
12
绮樻恫灞傘�?/p>
2.
钀ュ吇锛氭槸鎸囩敓鐗╀綋浠庡閮ㄧ幆澧冩憚鍙栧叾鐢熷懡娲诲姩鎵�蹇呴渶鐨勮兘閲忓拰鐗╄川锛屼互婊¤冻鍏剁敓闀垮拰绻佹畺
闇�瑕佺殑涓�绉嶇敓鐞嗗姛鑳姐�?/p>
3.
钀ュ吇鐗╋細鎸囧叿鏈夎惀鍏诲姛鑳界殑鐗╄川锛屽湪寰敓鐗╁涓紝甯稿父杩樺寘鎷厜鑳借繖绉嶉潪鐗╄川褰㈠紡鐨勮兘婧?/p>
鍦ㄥ唴銆?/p>
4.
寰敓鐗╃殑钀ュ吇绫诲瀷
1
锛?/p>
鑷吇寰敓鐗╋細
鍏夎兘鑷吇寰敓鐗╋紙鍏夎兘鏃犳満钀ュ吇鍨嬶級
锛屽寲鑳借嚜鍏诲井鐢熺墿锛堝寲鑳芥棤鏈鸿惀鍏诲瀷
)
2
锛?/p>
寮傚吇寰敓鐗?/p>
鍏夎兘寮傚吇寰敓鐗╋紙鍏夎兘鏈夋満钀ュ吇鍨嬶級
锛屽寲鑳藉紓鍏诲井鐢熺墿锛堝寲鑳芥湁鏈鸿惀鍏诲瀷锛?/p>
5
锛庣墿璐ㄧ殑璺ㄨ啘杩愯緭
锛堜竴锛夎鍔ㄨ繍杈?/p>
1.
鍗曠函鎵╂暎
2.
淇冭繘鎵╂暎
锛堜簩锛変富鍔ㄨ繍杈?/p>
A
TP
鐩存帴渚涜兘锛?/p>
A
TP
闂存帴鎻愪緵鑳介噺锛屽厜鑳介┍鍔?/p>
锛堜笁锛夎優鍚炰笌鑳炲悙浣滅敤
6
锛庤鍔ㄨ繍杈撳畾涔夛細鏄寚閫氳繃绠�鍗曟墿鏁ｆ垨鍗忓姪鎵╂暎瀹炵幇鐗╄川鐢遍珮娴撳害鍚戜綆娴撳害鏂瑰悜鐨勮法鑶滆浆
杩愩�傝浆杩愮殑鍔ㄥ姏鏉ヨ嚜鐗╄川鐨勬祿搴︽搴︼紝涓嶉渶瑕佺粏鑳炴彁渚涗唬璋㈣兘閲忋�?/p>
鐗圭偣锛氳繍杈撴柟鍚戙�佽法鑶滃姩鍔涖�佽兘閲忔秷鑰?/p>
绫诲瀷锛氬崟绾墿鏁ｃ�佷績杩涙墿鏁?/p>
7
锛?/p>
.
鍗曠函鎵╂暎锛氱枏姘寸殑灏忓垎瀛愭垨灏忕殑涓嶅甫鐢佃嵎鐨勬瀬鎬у垎瀛愬湪浠ョ畝鍗曠殑鎵╂暎鏂瑰紡璺ㄨ啘杞繍涓紝
涓嶉渶瑕佺粏鑳炴彁渚涜兘閲忥紝涔熸病鏈夎啘铔嬬櫧鐨勫崗鍔╋紝鍥犳绉颁负鍗曠函鎵╂暎銆?/p>
8
锛庝績杩涙墿鏁ｏ細鍚勭鏋佹�у垎瀛愬拰鏃犳満绂诲瓙锛屽绯栥�佹皑鍩洪吀銆佹牳鑻烽吀浠ュ強缁嗚優浠ｈ阿鐗╃瓑椤烘祿搴?/p>
姊害鎴栫數鍖栧姊害鍑忓皬鏂瑰悜鐨勮法鑶滆浆杩愶紝
璇ヨ繃绋嬩笉闇�瑕佺粏鑳炴彁渚涜兘閲忥紝
浣嗛渶瑕佺壒寮傜殑鑶滆泲鐧?/p>
鈥滃崗鍔┾�濈墿璐ㄨ浆杩?/p>
浣垮叾杞繍閫熺巼澧炲姞锛岃浆杩愮壒寮傛�у寮恒�?/p>
9
锛庝富鍔ㄨ繍閫侊細涓诲姩杩愰�佹槸鐢辫浇浣撹泲鐧芥墍浠嬪鐨勭墿璐ㄩ�嗘祿搴︽搴︽垨鐢靛寲瀛︽搴︾敱娴撳害浣庣殑涓�
渚у悜楂樻祿搴︾殑涓�渚ц繘琛岃法鑶滆浆杩愮殑鏂瑰紡銆傛槸寰敓鐗╁惛鏀惰惀鍏荤墿璐ㄧ殑涓昏鏈哄埗銆?/p>
10
锛庝富鍔ㄨ繍杈撶殑鐗圭偣锛氣憼閫嗘祿搴︽搴︼紙閫嗗寲瀛︽搴︼級杩愯緭鈶￠渶瑕佽兘閲忥紙鐢?/p>
ATP
鐩存帴渚涜兘锛?/p>
鎴栦笌閲婃斁鑳介噺鐨勮繃绋嬪伓鑱旓紙鍗忓悓杩愯緭锛夆憿閮芥湁杞戒綋铔嬬櫧銆?/p>
11
锛庡崗鍚岃繍杈擄細鍚屽悜鍗忓悓锛屽弽鍚戝崗鍚屻�?/p>
12
锛庡悓鍚戝崗鍚岋細鎸囩墿璐ㄨ繍杈撴柟鍚戜笌绂诲瓙杞Щ鏂瑰悜鐩稿悓銆?/p>
13
锛庡弽鍚戝崗鍚岋細鐗╄川璺ㄨ啘杩愬姩鐨勬柟鍚戜笌绂诲瓙杞Щ鐨勬柟鍚戠浉鍙嶃�?/p>
14.
鍗忓悓杩愯緭瀹氫箟锛氭槸涓�绫荤敱
Na+-K+
娉碉紙鎴?/p>
H+
娉?/p>
)
涓庤浇浣撹泲鐧藉崗鍚屼綔鐢紝闈犻棿鎺ユ秷鑰?/p>
ATP
鎵�瀹屾垚鐨勪富鍔ㄨ繍杈撴柟寮?/p>
.
鐗圭偣锛氳繍杈撴柟鍚戙�佽法鑶滃姩鍔涖�佽兘閲忔秷鑰?/p>
1
锛庡師鏍稿井鐢熺墿锛氭槸鎸囦竴澶х被缁嗚優鏍告棤鏍歌啘鍖呰９锛屽彧鏈夌О涓烘牳鍖虹殑瑁搁湶
DNA
鐨勫師濮嬪崟缁嗚優
鐢熺墿銆傚寘鎷湡缁嗚弻鍜屽彜缁嗚弻涓ゅぇ绫汇�?/p>
2
锛?/p>
闈╁叞姘忔煋鑹叉硶
1884
骞翠腹楹﹀尰鐢熷垱寤轰簡闈╁叞姘忔煋鑹叉硶銆?/p>
鎶婂嚑涔庢墍鏈夌殑缁嗚弻鍒嗘垚闈╁叞姘忛槼鎬?/p>
鑿岋紙
G+
锛夊拰闈╁叞姘忛槾鎬ц弻锛?/p>
G-
锛変袱澶х被锛屾娉曠О涓洪潻鍏版皬鏌撹壊娉曘�傚叾缁撴灉锛氶潻鍏版皬闃虫�ц弻