1
妯℃嫙璇曞嵎
绗竴閮ㄥ垎
闃呰鐞嗚В
(
鍏变袱鑺傦紝婊″垎
40
鍒?/p>
)
绗竴鑺?/p>
(
鍏?/p>
15
灏忛锛涙瘡灏忛
2
鍒嗭紝
婊″垎
30
鍒?/p>
)
闃呰涓嬪垪鐭枃锛屼粠姣忛鎵�缁欑殑鍥涗釜閫夐」
(A
銆?/p>
B
銆?/p>
C
銆佸拰
D)
涓紝閫夊嚭鏈�浣抽�夐」銆?/p>
A
What follows are two psychology studies that impressed me.
1
锛?/p>
Why Absolute Rudeness Impresses People
If
asked
锛?/p>
most
of
us
would
probably
say
that
we
despise
rudeness
锛?/p>
but
research
suggests that we also see it as a sign of power.A
2011 study indicates that the
ruder someone acts
锛?/p>
the more observers believe that he or she is powerful.
The participants of the study read about a visitor to an office who marched in
and
poured
himself
a
cup
of
鈥渆mployee
only鈥?nbsp;
coffee
without
asking.In
another
case
they
read
about
a
bookkeeper
that
flagrantly
(
鍏?/p>
鐒?/p>
鍦?/p>
)
bent
accounting
rules.Participants
rated
the
rule
breakers
as
more
in
control
and
powerful
compared
to peop
le who didn't steal the coffee or break accounting rules.
In
a
follow
锛?/p>
up
experiment
锛?/p>
participants
watched
a
video
of
a
man
put
his
feet
on
another
chair
锛?/p>
tap
cigarette
ashes
on
the
ground
and
rudely
order
a
meal.Participants
rated
the
man
a
s
more
likely
to
鈥済et
to
make
decisions鈥?nbsp;
and
able
to 鈥済et people to listen to what he says鈥?
This
study
indicates
that
violating
rules
is
viewed
by
others
as
a
sign
of
power
锛?/p>
even if the observers would judge those violations as rude or wrong.
2
锛?/p>
Visualize Success if You Want to Fail
For many years we've heard that
visualizing our
success is key to
achieving it
鈥?/p>
but a study conducted in 2011 indicates otherwise.It suggests that not only is
positive visualization ineffective
锛?/p>
but it may do just the opposite.
Researchers
proved
that
thinking
about
positive
fantasies
of
success
drains
(
鑰?/p>
灏?/p>
)
the
energy
out
of
ambition.When
we
imagine
having
reached
what
we
want
锛?/p>
our
brains
fall
for
the
trick.Instead
of
gathering
more
energy
to
get
there
锛?/p>
we
give
a
relaxation
response that is like how we would feel if we'd actually reached the goal.We slide
into our comfort shoes
鈥?/p>
blood pressure lowers
锛?/p>
the heart rate decreases
锛?/p>
and all
is well in the success world of our mind's making.
One
of
the
experiments
tested
whether
thirsty
participants
would
experience
an
energy drain from visualizing a glass of icy cold water and found that indeed
锛?/p>
in even something so basic
锛?/p>
the brain responds as if the goal has been reached.
銆愯В棰樺璇�?/p>
鏈枃鍒椾妇浜嗕护浣滆�呭嵃璞℃繁鍒荤殑涓ら」蹇冪悊瀛︾爺绌躲�?/p>
1
锛嶵he
underlined
word
鈥渄espise鈥?nbsp;
in
the
passage
is
the
closest
in
meaning
to
鈥淿_______鈥濓紟
A
锛?/p>
treat
B
锛?/p>
judge
C
锛?/p>
change D
锛?/p>
hate
瑙ｆ瀽锛?/p>
璇嶄箟鐚滄祴棰樸�傛牴鎹彞涓紟
..but research suggests that we also see
it as a
sign of power
鍙煡锛屾澶勬寚鎴戜滑鍙兘鈥滀笉鍠滄鈥濈矖椴侊紝鏁呯瓟妗堜负
D
銆?/p>
绛旀锛?/p>
D
2
锛?/p>
What do we know about rule breakers from the first study?