濡備綍鍐欏寲瀛︿腑涓夊ぇ瀹堟亽寮忥紙鐢佃嵎瀹堟亽锛岀墿鏂欏畧鎭掞紝璐ㄥ瓙瀹堟亽锛?/p>
濡備綍鍐欏寲瀛︿腑涓夊ぇ瀹堟亽寮忥紙鐢佃嵎瀹堟亽锛岀墿鏂欏畧鎭掞紝璐ㄥ瓙瀹堟亽锛?/p>
杩欎笁涓畧鎭掔殑鏈�澶у簲鐢ㄦ槸鍒ゆ柇婧舵恫涓矑瀛愭祿搴︾殑澶у皬锛屾垨瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯荤瓑寮忋�?/p>
鐢佃嵎瀹堟亽
锛嶏紞
鍗虫憾娑叉案杩滄槸鐢典腑鎬х殑锛?/p>
鎵�浠ラ槼绂诲瓙甯︾殑姝ｇ數鑽锋�婚噺锛濋槾绂诲瓙甯︾殑璐熺數鑽锋�婚噺
渚嬶細
NH
4
Cl
婧舵恫锛?/p>
c(NH
+
4
)+ c(H
+
)= c(Cl
-
)+ c(OH
-
)
鍐欒繖涓瓑寮忚娉ㄦ剰
2
鐐癸細
1
銆佽鍒ゆ柇鍑嗙‘婧舵恫涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鎵�鏈夌瀛愶紝涓嶈兘婕忔帀銆?/p>
2
銆佹敞鎰忕瀛愯嚜韬甫鐨勭數鑽锋暟鐩�?/p>
濡傦紝
Na
2
CO
3
婧舵恫锛?/p>
c(Na
锛?/p>
)+ c(H
锛?/p>
)= 2c(CO
2
锛?/p>
3
)+ c(HCO
锛?/p>
3
)+ c(OH
-
)
NaHCO
3
婧舵恫锛?/p>
c(Na
锛?/p>
)+ c(H
锛?/p>
)= 2c(CO
2
锛?/p>
3
) + c(HCO
锛?/p>
3
)+ c(OH
-
)
NaOH
婧舵恫锛?/p>
c(Na
锛?
) + c(H
锛?/p>
)
= c(OH
-
)
Na
3
PO
4
婧舵恫锛?/p>
c(Na
锛?/p>
) + c(H
锛?/p>
) = 3c(PO
3
锛?/p>
4
) + 2c(HPO
2
锛?/p>
4
) + c(H
2
PO
锛?/p>
4
) + c(OH
-
)
鐗╂枡瀹堟亽锛嶏紞
鍗冲姞鍏ョ殑婧惰川缁勬垚涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏌愪簺鍏冪礌涔嬮棿鐨勭壒瀹氭瘮渚嬪叧绯伙紝
鐢变簬姘存憾娑蹭腑涓�瀹?/p>
瀛樺湪姘寸殑
H
銆?/p>
O
鍏冪礌锛屾墍浠ョ墿鏂欏畧鎭掍腑鐨勭瓑寮忎竴瀹氭槸闈?/p>
H
銆?/p>
O
鍏冪礌鐨勫叧绯汇�?/p>
渚嬶細
NH
4
Cl
婧舵恫锛?/p>
鍖栧寮忎腑
N:Cl=1:1
锛屽嵆寰楀埌锛?/p>
c(NH
+
4
)+ c(NH
3
鈥?/p>
H
2
O) = c(Cl
-
)
Na
2
CO
3
婧舵恫锛?/p>
Na:C=2:1
锛屽嵆寰楀埌锛?/p>
c(Na
+
) = 2c(CO
2
锛?/p>
3
+ HCO
锛?/p>
3
+ H
2
CO
3
)
NaHCO
3
婧舵恫锛?/p>
Na:C=1:1
锛屽嵆寰楀埌锛?/p>
c(Na
+
) = c(CO
2
锛?/p>
3
)+ c(HCO
锛?/p>
3
) + c(H
2
CO
3
)
鍐欒繖涓瓑寮忚娉ㄦ剰锛屾妸鎵�鏈夊惈杩欑鍏冪礌鐨勭矑瀛愰兘瑕佽�冭檻鍦ㄥ唴锛屽彲浠ユ槸绂诲瓙锛屼篃鍙互鏄垎瀛愩�?/p>
璐ㄥ瓙瀹堟亽锛嶏紞
鍗?/p>
H
+
瀹堟亽锛屾憾娑蹭腑澶卞幓
H
+
鎬绘暟绛変簬寰楀埌
H
+
鎬绘暟锛屽埄鐢ㄧ墿鏂欏畧鎭掑拰鐢佃嵎瀹堟亽鎺?/p>
鍑恒�?/p>
瀹為檯涓婏紝鏈変簡涓婇潰
2
涓畧鎭掑氨澶熶簡锛岃川瀛愬畧鎭掍笉闇�瑕佽儗銆備緥濡傦細
NH
4
Cl
婧舵恫锛?/p>
鐢佃嵎瀹堟亽锛?/p>
c(NH
+
4
) + c(H
+
) = c(Cl
-
) + c(OH
-
)
鐗╂枡瀹堟亽锛?/p>
c(NH
+
4
) + c(NH
3
鈥?/p>
H
2
O) = c(Cl
-
)
澶勭悊涓�涓嬶紝绾﹀幓鏃犲叧鐨?/p>
Cl
-
锛屽緱鍒帮紝
c(H
+
) = c(OH
-
) + c(NH
3
鈥?/p>
H
2
O)
锛屽嵆鏄川瀛愬畧鎭?/p>
Na
2
CO
3
婧舵恫锛?/p>
鐢佃嵎瀹堟亽锛?/p>
c(Na
+
) + c(H
+
) = 2c(CO
2
锛?/p>
3
) + c(HCO
锛?/p>
3
) + c(OH
-
)
鐗╂枡瀹堟亽锛?/p>
c(Na
+
) = 2c(CO
2
锛?/p>
3
+ HCO
锛?/p>
3
+ H
2
CO
3
)
澶勭悊涓�涓嬶紝绾﹀幓鏃犲叧鐨?/p>
Na
+
锛屽緱鍒帮紝
c(HCO
锛?/p>
3
) + 2c(H
2
CO
3
) + c(H
+
) = c(OH
-
)
锛屽嵆鏄川瀛愬畧鎭?/p>
鍚屾牱锛屽彲浠ュ緱鍒板叾瀹冪殑銆?/p>
涔熷彲浠ヨ繖涔堣锛岃川瀛愬畧鎭掞紝鍗虫墍鏈夋彁渚涚殑璐ㄥ瓙閮界敱鏉ユ湁鍘汇�?/p>
濡傦細
NH
4
Cl
婧舵恫锛屾按鐢电鍑虹殑锛?/p>
c(H
+
) = c(OH
-
)
锛屼絾鏄儴鍒?/p>
OH
锛?
琚?/p>
NH
+
4
缁撳悎鎴?/p>
NH
3
鈥?/p>
H
2
O
锛岃�屼笖鏄?/p>
1
锛?/p>
1
缁撳悎锛岃�?/p>
H
+
涓嶅彉锛屾墍浠ュ緱鍒帮紝
c(H
+
) =
鍘熸潵鐨勬�?/p>
c(OH
-
) =
鍓╀綑
c(OH
-
) + c(NH
3
鈥?/p>
H
2
O)
Na
2
CO
3
婧舵恫锛屾按鐢电鍑虹殑锛?/p>
c(H
+
) = c(OH
-
)
锛屼絾鏄儴鍒?/p>
H+
琚?/p>
CO
2
锛?/p>
3
缁撳悎鎴?/p>
HCO
锛?/p>
3
锛岃�屼笖鏄?/p>
1:1
缁撳悎锛岃繕鏈夐儴鍒嗙户缁
HCO
锛?/p>
3
缁撳悎鎴?/p>
H
2
CO
3
锛岀浉褰撲簬琚?/p>
CO
2
锛?/p>
3
浠?/p>
1
锛?/p>
2
缁撳悎锛岃�?/p>
OH
锛?/p>
涓嶅彉锛屾墍浠?/p>
寰楀埌锛?/p>