娴欐睙澶у杩滅▼鏁欒偛瀛﹂櫌
銆婃姢鐞嗗績鐞嗗銆嬭绋嬩綔涓氾紙蹇呭仛锛?/p>
濮撳悕锛?/p>
鐔婄泭缇?/p>
瀛?/p>
鍙凤細
715235072018
骞寸骇锛?/p>
2015
鏄?/p>
瀛︿範涓績锛?/p>
鎱堟邯瀛︿範涓績
鈥斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�斺�?/p>
涓�銆佸悕璇嶈В閲?/p>
1
锛庣敓鐗╁尰瀛︽ā寮忥紙
biomedical model
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
鎵�璋撳尰瀛︽ā寮忥紝鏄寚鍖诲鐨勪富瀵兼�濇兂锛屽寘鎷柧鐥呰銆?
鍋ュ悍瑙傜瓑锛?/p>
骞跺奖鍝嶅尰鎶ゅ宸ヤ綔鐨勬�濈淮鍙婅涓烘柟寮忥紝
浣夸箣甯︽湁涓�瀹氬�惧悜鎬э紝
涔熷奖鍝嶅尰鎶ゅ伐浣滅殑缁撴灉銆?/p>
鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭椂鏈熷唴锛岃嚜鐒剁瀛︾殑璁よ瘑璁哄拰鏂规硶璁哄湪鍖诲鐣屽崰鏈変富瀵煎湴浣嶏紝鍖绘姢娲诲姩涓線寰�鍙嶆槧鍑烘槑鏄?/p>
鐨勭敓鐗╃瀛﹀睘鎬э紝鏈変汉灏嗘绉颁负鐢熺墿鍖诲妯″紡銆?/p>
2
锛庣敓鐗╁績鐞嗙ぞ浼氬尰瀛︽ā寮忥紙
bio-psycho-social
model
锛夛細
鏄竴绉嶇郴缁熻鍜屾暣浣撹鐨勫尰瀛︽ā
寮忥紝瀹冭姹傚尰瀛︽妸浜虹湅鎴愭槸涓�涓灞傛鐨勶紝瀹屾暣鐨勮繛缁綋锛屼篃灏辨槸鍦ㄥ仴搴峰拰鐤剧梾闂涓婏紝瑕佸悓鏃?/p>
鑰冭檻鐢熺墿鐨勩�佸績鐞嗗拰琛屼负鐨勶紝浠ュ強绀句細鐨勫悇绉嶅洜绱犵殑缁煎悎浣滅敤銆?/p>
3
锛庤嚜鐒惰瀵熸硶锛?/p>
naturalistic
observation
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
鍦ㄨ嚜鐒舵儏鏅腑瀵逛汉鎴栧姩鐗╃殑琛屼负浣滅洿鎺ヨ瀵熴�?
璁板綍鍜屽垎鏋愶紝浠庤�岃В閲婃煇绉嶈涓哄彉鍖栫殑瑙勫緥銆?/p>
4
锛庨棶鍗疯皟鏌ユ硶锛?/p>
questionnaire
method
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
浜嬪厛璁捐璋冩煡琛ㄦ垨闂嵎锛屽綋闈㈡垨閫氳繃閭瘎渚涜璋冩煡
鑰呭～鍐欙紝鐒跺悗鏀堕泦闂嵎瀵瑰叾鍐呭閫愭潯杩涜鍒嗘瀽鐮旂┒銆?/p>
5.
娼滄剰璇嗭紙
unconscious
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
鎸囦釜浣撴棤娉曠洿鎺ユ劅鐭ュ埌鐨勯偅涓�閮ㄥ垎蹇冪悊娲诲姩锛岃繖涓儴鍒嗙殑鍐呭閫氬父涓?
琚閮ㄧ幇瀹炪�侀亾寰风悊鏅烘墍鎺ュ彈鐨勫悇绉嶆湰鑳藉啿鍔紝闇�姹傚拰娆叉湜锛屾垨鏄庢樉瀵艰嚧绮剧鐥涜嫤鐨勮繃鍘荤殑浜嬩欢銆?/p>
6.
鏈垜锛?/p>
id
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
鍗冲師鎴戯紝鏄寚鍘熷鐨勮嚜宸憋紝鍖呭惈鐢熷瓨鎵�闇�鐨勫熀鏈鏈涖�佸啿鍔ㄥ拰鐢熷懡鍔涖�傛湰鎴戞槸涓�鍒?
蹇冪悊鑳介噺涔嬫簮锛屾湰鎴戞寜蹇箰鍘熷垯琛屼簨锛屽畠涓嶇悊浼氱ぞ浼氶亾寰枫�佸鍦ㄧ殑琛屼负瑙勮寖锛屽畠鍞竴鐨勮姹傛槸鑾?/p>
寰楀揩涔愶紝閬垮厤鐥涜嫤锛屾湰鎴戠殑鐩爣涔冩槸姹傚緱涓綋鐨勮垝閫傦紝鐢熷瓨鍙婄箒娈栵紝瀹冩槸鏃犳剰璇嗙殑锛屼笉琚釜浣撴墍
瑙夊療銆?/p>
7.
娉涘寲锛?/p>
generalization
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
鏄弽澶嶅己鍖栫殑缁撴灉锛屼笉浠呮潯浠跺埡婵�鏈韩鑳藉寮曡捣鏉′欢鍙嶅皠锛岃�屼笖鏌?/p>
浜涗笌涔嬬浉杩戜技鐨勫埡婵�涔熷彲寮曡捣鏉′欢鍙嶅皠鐨勬晥鏋溿�?/p>
8.
姝ｅ己鍖栵紙
positive reinforcement
锛?/p>
:
鏄釜浣撹涓虹殑缁撴灉瀵艰嚧浜嗙Н鏋佸埡婵�澧炲姞锛屼粠鑰屼娇璇?
琛屼负澧炲己銆?/p>
9
锛庝汉鐨勭ぞ浼氬寲锛?/p>
socialization
锛?/p>
:
鏄寚鍦ㄧ壒瀹氱殑绀句細涓庢枃鍖栫幆澧冧腑锛屼釜浣撳舰鎴愰�傚簲浜庤绀句細涓?
鏂囧寲鐨勪汉鏍硷紝鎺屾彙璇ョぞ浼氭墍鍏鐨勮涓烘柟寮忕殑杩囩▼銆?/p>
10
锛庣煡瑙?/p>
(perception):
鏄綋鍓嶇洿鎺ヤ綔鐢ㄤ簬鎰熻鍣ㄥ畼鐨勫瑙備簨鐗╃殑鏁翠綋鍙婂叾澶栭儴鐩镐簰鍏崇郴鍦ㄤ汉鑴?
鐨勫弽鏄狅紱鎴栬�呰鏄劅瑙夊櫒瀹樺拰鑴戝鍒烘縺浣滃嚭瑙ｉ噴銆佸垎鏋愬拰鏁村悎銆?/p>
11
锛?/p>
鎬濈淮
(thinking):
鏄汉鑴戝瀹㈣鐜板疄姒傛嫭鐨勫拰闂存帴鐨勫弽鏄狅紝瀹冨弽鏄犵殑鏄簨鐗╃殑鏈川鍜屼簨鐗╅棿瑙?
寰嬫�х殑鑱旂郴锛屽寘鎷�昏緫鎬濈淮鍜屽舰璞℃�濈淮銆?/p>
12
锛庡畾鍔?/p>
(set):
鏄寚閲嶅鍏堝墠鐨勬搷浣滄墍寮曡捣鐨勪竴绉嶅績鐞嗗噯澶囩姸鎬侊紝瀹冨奖鍝嶈В鍐抽棶棰樻椂鐨勫�惧悜鎬с�?/p>
13
锛庡垱閫犳�濈淮
(creative thinking):
鏄竴绉嶆柊棰栬�屾湁浠峰�肩殑銆侀潪缁撹鐨勶紝鍏锋湁楂樺害鏈哄姩鎬у拰