绗簩绔狅細璇樊鍙婂垎鏋愭暟鎹殑缁熻澶勭悊
鎬?/p>
鑰?/p>
棰?/p>
锛掞紟涓嬪垪鎯呭喌鍒嗗埆寮曡捣浠�涔堣宸紵濡傛灉鏄郴缁熻宸紝搴斿浣曟秷闄わ紵
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
鐮濈爜琚厫铓�锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
澶╁钩涓よ噦涓嶇瓑闀匡紱
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
瀹归噺鐡跺拰鍚哥涓嶉厤濂楋紱
锛?/p>
4
锛?/p>
閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽涓潅璐ㄨ鍏辨矇娣�锛?/p>
锛?/p>
5
锛?/p>
澶╁钩绉伴噺鏃舵渶鍚庝竴浣嶈鏁颁及璁′笉鍑嗭紱
锛?/p>
6
锛?/p>
浠ュ惈閲忎负
99%
鐨勯偦鑻簩鐢查吀姘㈤捑浣滃熀鍑嗙墿鏍囧畾纰辨憾娑层�?/p>
绛旓細
锛?/p>
1
锛夊紩璧风郴缁熻宸紝鏍℃鐮濈爜锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夊紩璧风郴缁熻宸紝鏍℃浠櫒锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛夊紩璧风郴缁熻宸紝鏍℃浠櫒锛?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛夊紩璧风郴缁熻宸紝鍋氬鐓ц瘯楠岋紱
锛?/p>
5
锛夊紩璧峰伓鐒惰宸紱
锛?/p>
6
锛夊紩璧风郴缁熻宸紝鍋氬鐓ц瘯楠屾垨鎻愮函璇曞墏銆?/p>
锛旓紟濡備綍鍑忓皯鍋剁劧璇樊锛熷浣曞噺灏戠郴缁熻宸紵
绛旓細
鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭祴瀹氭鏁拌寖鍥村唴锛岄�傚綋澧炲姞娴嬪畾娆℃暟锛屽彲浠ュ噺灏戝伓鐒惰宸�?/p>
閽堝绯荤粺璇樊浜х敓鐨勫師鍥犱笉鍚岋紝鍙噰鐢ㄩ�夋嫨鏍囧噯鏂规硶銆佽繘琛岃瘯鍓傜殑鎻愮函
鍜屼娇鐢ㄦ牎姝ｅ�肩瓑鍔炴硶鍔犱互娑堥櫎銆傚閫夋嫨涓�绉嶆爣鍑嗘柟娉曚笌鎵�閲囩敤鐨勬柟娉曚綔瀵圭収
璇曢獙鎴栭�夋嫨涓庤瘯鏍风粍鎴愭帴杩戠殑鏍囧噯璇曟牱鍋氬鐓ц瘯楠岋紝鎵惧嚭鏍℃鍊煎姞浠ユ牎姝ｃ�?/p>
瀵硅瘯鍓傛垨瀹為獙鐢ㄦ按鏄惁甯﹀叆琚祴鎴愬垎锛屾垨鎵�鍚潅璐ㄦ槸鍚︽湁骞叉壈锛屽彲閫氳繃绌虹櫧
璇曢獙鎵ｉ櫎绌虹櫧鍊煎姞浠ユ牎姝ｃ�?/p>
绗笁绔?/p>
婊村畾鍒嗘瀽
鎬?/p>
鑰?/p>
棰?/p>
2
锛庤兘鐢ㄤ簬婊村畾鍒嗘瀽鐨勫寲瀛﹀弽搴斿繀椤荤鍚堝摢浜涙潯浠讹紵
绛旓細鍖栧鍙嶅簲寰堝锛屼絾鏄�傜敤浜庢淮瀹氬垎鏋愭硶鐨勫寲瀛﹀弽搴斿繀椤诲叿澶囦笅鍒楁潯
浠讹細
锛堬紤锛?/p>
鍙嶅簲瀹氶噺鍦板畬鎴愶紝鍗冲弽搴旀寜涓�瀹氱殑鍙嶅簲寮忚繘琛岋紝
鏃犲壇鍙嶅簲鍙戠敓锛岃�?/p>
涓旇繘琛屽畬鍏紙
99.9
锛咃級
锛岃繖鏄畾閲忚绠楃殑鍩虹銆?/p>
锛堬紥锛?/p>
鍙嶅簲閫熺巼瑕佸揩銆?/p>
瀵逛簬閫熺巼鎱㈢殑鍙嶅簲锛?/p>
搴旈噰鍙栭�傚綋鎺柦鎻愰珮鍏跺弽搴旈�?/p>
鐜囥�?/p>
锛堬紦锛?/p>
鑳界敤杈冪畝渚跨殑鏂规硶纭畾婊村畾缁堢偣銆?/p>
鍑℃槸鑳芥弧瓒充笂杩拌姹傜殑鍙嶅簲锛?/p>
閮藉彲浠ョ敤浜庣洿鎺ユ淮瀹氭硶涓紝
鍗崇敤鏍囧噯婧舵恫
鐩存帴婊村畾琚祴鐗╄川銆?/p>
3
锛庝粈涔堟槸鍖栧璁￠噺鐐癸紵浠�涔堟槸缁堢偣
?
绛旓細婊村姞鐨勬爣鍑嗘憾娑蹭笌寰呮祴缁勫垎鎭板ソ鍙嶅簲瀹屽叏鐨勮繖涓�鐐癸紝绉颁负鍖栧璁￠噺
鐐广�?/p>
鍦ㄥ緟娴嬫憾娑蹭腑鍔犲叆鎸囩ず鍓傦紝褰撴寚绀哄墏鍙樿壊鏃跺仠姝㈡淮瀹氾紝杩欎竴鐐圭О涓烘淮瀹氱粓鐐广�?/p>
4
锛庝笅鍒楃墿璐ㄤ腑鍝簺鍙互鐢ㄧ洿鎺ユ硶閰嶅埗鏍囧噯婧舵恫锛熷摢浜涘彧鑳界敤闂存帴娉曢厤
鍒讹紵
H
2
SO
4
,KOH, KMnO
4
, K
2
Cr
2
O
7
, KIO
3
, Na
2
S
2
O
3
路
5H
2
O
绛旓細
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
, KIO
3
鍙互鐢ㄧ洿鎺ユ硶閰嶅埗鏍囧噯婧舵恫锛?/p>
鍏朵綑鍙兘鐢ㄩ棿鎺ユ硶閰嶅埗銆?/p>
5
锛庤〃绀烘爣鍑嗘憾娑叉祿搴︾殑鏂规硶鏈夊嚑绉嶏紵鍚勬湁浣曚紭缂虹偣锛?/p>
绛旓細甯哥敤鐨勮〃绀烘爣鍑嗘憾娑叉祿搴︾殑鏂规硶鏈夌墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴﹀拰婊村畾搴︿袱绉嶃�?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夌墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴︼紙绠�绉版祿搴︼級鏄寚鍗曚綅浣撶Н婧舵恫鎵�鍚憾璐ㄧ殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺
,
鍗?/p>
C=
V
n
.
鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄦ祿搴︽椂锛屽繀椤绘寚鏄庡熀鏈崟鍏冦�?/p>
(2)
婊村畾搴︽槸鎸囦笌姣忔鍗囨爣鍑嗘憾娑茬浉褰撶殑琚祴缁勫垎鐨勮川閲忥紝鐢即
琚祴鐗╋紡婊村畾鍓?
琛ㄧず
.
鐗瑰埆閫傜敤浜庡澶ф壒璇曟牱娴嬪畾鍏朵腑鍚屼竴缁勫垎鐨勫惈閲忋�傛湁鏃舵淮瀹氬害涔熷彲浠ョ敤姣忔
鍗囨爣鍑嗘憾娑蹭腑鎵�鍚憾璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺鏉ヨ〃绀猴紝
濡?/p>
2
I
T
=0.01468g/mL
锛?/p>
杩欑琛ㄧず鏂规硶搴?/p>
鐢ㄤ笉骞挎硾銆?/p>
6
锛庡熀鍑嗙墿鏉′欢涔嬩竴鏄鍏锋湁杈冨ぇ鐨勬懇灏旇川閲忥紝瀵硅繖涓潯浠跺浣曠悊瑙ｏ紵
绛旓細浣滀负鍩哄噯鐗╋紝闄や簡蹇呴』婊¤冻浠ョ洿鎺ユ硶閰嶅埗鏍囧噯婧舵恫鐨勭墿璐ㄥ簲鍏峰鐨?/p>
涓変釜鏉′欢澶栵紝鏈�濂借繕搴斿叿澶囪緝澶х殑鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺锛岃繖涓昏鏄负浜嗛檷浣庣О閲忚宸紝
鎻愰珮鍒嗘瀽缁撴灉鐨勫噯纭害銆?/p>
8
锛?/p>
浠�涔堝彨婊村畾搴︼紵婊村畾搴︿笌鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害濡備綍鎹㈢畻锛熻瘯涓句緥璇存槑銆?/p>
绛旓細婊村畾搴︽槸鎸囦笌姣忔鍗囨爣鍑嗘憾娑茬浉褰撶殑琚祴缁勫垎鐨勮川閲忥紝鐢?/p>
T
琚祴鐗?/p>
/
婊村畾鍓?
琛ㄧず锛屽
T
Fe/KMnO4
=0.005682g/mL ,
鍗宠〃绀?/p>
1 mL KMnO
4
婧舵恫鐩稿綋浜?/p>
0.005682
鍏嬮搧銆?/p>
婊村畾搴︿笌鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害涔嬮棿鐨勬崲绠楀叧绯讳负锛?/p>
T
A/B
=
b
a
C
B
M
A
飩?/p>
10
-3
渚嬪鐢?/p>
NaOH
婊村畾
H
2
C
2
O
4
鐨勫弽搴斾负
H
2
C
2
O
4
+ 2NaOH = Na
2
C
2
O
4
+2H
2
O
鍒欐淮瀹氬害涓猴細
NaO
H
O
C
H
T
/
4
2
2
=
4
2
2
2
1
O
C
H
NaO
H
M
C
飩?
10
-3
.
绗洓绔?/p>
鎬濊�冮
鎬濊�冮
4
鈥?/p>
1
5.
涓婇鐨勫悇绉嶅叡杞吀鍜屽叡杞⒈涓紝鍝釜鏄渶寮虹殑閰革紵鍝釜鏄渶寮虹殑纰?/p>
?
璇曟寜寮哄急椤哄簭鎶婂畠浠帓鍒楄捣鏉ャ�?/p>
绛?/p>
锛?/p>
H
3
PO
4
锕?/p>
HF
锕?/p>
HOAc
锕?/p>
(CH
2
)
6
N
4
H
+
锕?/p>
H
2
PO
4
-
锕?/p>
HCN
锕?/p>
NH
4
+
锕?
HCO
3
-
CO
3
2-
锕?/p>
NH
3
锕?/p>
CN
-
锕?/p>
(CH
2
)
6
N
4
锕?/p>
OAc
-
锕?/p>
F
-
7
锛庢閰嶅埗
pH
涓?/p>
3
宸﹀彸鐨勭紦鍐叉憾娑诧紝搴旈�変笅鍒椾綍绉嶉吀鍙婂叾鍏辫江纰?/p>
(
鎷彿鍐?/p>
涓?/p>
pK
a
)
锛?/p>
HOAc(4.74)
锛?/p>
鐢查吀
(3.74)
锛?/p>
涓�姘箼閰?/p>
(2.86)
锛?/p>
浜屾隘涔欓吀
(1.30)
锛?/p>
鑻厷
(9.95)
銆?/p>
绛旓細鐢?/p>
pH
鈮?/p>
pK
a
鍙煡锛屽簲閫?/p>
C
2
HClCOOH
锛?/p>
C
2
HClCOO
-
閰嶅埗
pH
涓?/p>
3
宸?/p>
鍙崇殑缂撳啿婧舵恫銆?/p>
鎬濊�冮
4
锛?/p>
2
1.
鍙互閲囩敤鍝簺鏂规硶纭畾閰哥⒈婊村畾鐨勭粓鐐?/p>
?
璇曠畝瑕佸湴杩涜姣旇緝銆?/p>
绛旓細鍙互鐢ㄩ吀纰辨寚绀哄墏娉曞拰鐢典綅婊村畾娉曠‘瀹氶吀纰辨淮瀹氱殑缁堢偣銆?/p>
鐢ㄩ吀纰辨寚绀哄墏娉曠‘瀹氶吀纰辨淮瀹氱殑缁堢偣锛屾搷浣滅畝鍗曪紝涓嶉渶鐗规畩璁惧锛屼娇鐢ㄨ寖鍥?/p>
骞挎硾锛涘叾涓嶈冻涔嬪鏄悇浜虹殑鐪肩潧杈ㄥ埆棰滆壊鐨勮兘鍔涙湁宸埆锛屼笉鑳介�傜敤浜庢湁鑹叉憾
娑茬殑婊村畾锛屽浜庤緝寮辩殑閰哥⒈锛岀粓鐐瑰彉鑹蹭笉鏁忛攼銆?/p>
鐢ㄧ數浣嶆淮瀹氭硶纭畾閰哥⒈婊村畾鐨勭粓鐐癸紝闇�瑕佺壒娈婅澶囷紝鎿嶄綔杩囩▼杈冮夯鐑︼紝浣嗛�?/p>
鐢ㄤ簬鏈夎壊婧舵恫鐨勬淮瀹氾紝鍏嬫湇浜嗕汉涓虹殑鍥犵礌锛屽噯纭害杈冮珮銆?/p>
2
锛庨吀纰辨淮瀹氫腑鎸囩ず鍓傜殑閫夋嫨鍘熷垯鏄粈涔?/p>
?
绛旓細閰哥⒈婊村畾涓寚绀哄墏鐨勯�夋嫨鍘熷垯鏄娇鎸囩ず鍓傜殑鍙樿壊鑼冨洿澶勪簬鎴栭儴鍒嗗浜庢淮
瀹氱殑
pH
绐佽穬鑼冨洿鍐咃紱鎸囩ず鍓傜殑鍙樿壊鐐圭瓑浜庢垨鎺ヨ繎鍖栧璁￠噺鐐圭殑
pH
銆?/p>
4
锛庝笅鍒楀悇绉嶅急閰搞�佸急纰憋紝鑳藉惁鐢ㄩ吀纰辨淮瀹氭硶鐩存帴娴嬪畾
?
濡傛灉鍙互锛屽簲閫夌敤鍝?/p>
绉嶆寚绀哄墏
?
涓轰粈涔?/p>
?
(1)CH
2
ClCOOH
锛?/p>
HF
锛岃嫰閰氾紝缇熻兒锛岃嫰鑳恒�?/p>
(2)CCl
3
COOH
锛岃嫰鐢查吀锛屽悺鍟讹紝鍏簹鐢插熀鍥涜兒銆?/p>
绛旓細
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
CH
2
ClCOOH
锛?/p>
HF
锛岃嫰閰氫负閰革紝鍏?/p>
pKa
鍒嗗埆涓?/p>
2.86
锛?/p>
3.46
锛?/p>
9.95
銆?/p>
CH
2
ClCOOH
锛?/p>
HF
寰堝鏄撴弧瓒?/p>
cK
a
鈮?/p>
10
-8
鐨勫噯纭淮瀹氭潯浠讹紝鏁呭彲鐢?/p>
NaOH
鏍囧噯婧舵恫
鐩存帴婊村畾锛屼互閰氶厼涓烘寚绀哄墏銆傝嫰閰氱殑閰告�уお寮憋紝涓嶈兘鐢ㄩ吀纰辨淮瀹氭硶鐩存帴娴嬪畾銆?/p>
缇熻兒锛岃嫰鑳轰负纰憋紝鍏?/p>
pK
b
鍒嗗埆涓?/p>
8.04,9.34,
缇熻兒鍙娴撳害涓嶆槸澶█锛屽彲浠ユ弧
瓒?/p>
cK
b
鈮?/p>
10
-8
鐨勫噯纭淮瀹氭潯浠讹紝鏁呭彲鐢?/p>
HCl
鏍囧噯婧舵恫鐩存帴婊村畾锛屼互鐢插熀姗欎负鎸?/p>
绀哄墏銆傝嫰鑳虹殑纰辨�уお寮憋紝涓嶈兘鐢ㄩ吀纰辨淮瀹氭硶鐩存帴娴嬪畾銆?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
CCl
3
COOH
锛岃嫰鐢查吀涓洪吀锛屽叾
p
K
a
鍒嗗埆涓?/p>
0.64
鍜?/p>
4.21
锛屽緢瀹规槗婊¤冻
cK
a
鈮?/p>
10
-8
鐨勫噯纭淮瀹氭潯浠讹紝鏁呭彲鐢?/p>
NaOH
鏍囧噯婧舵恫鐩存帴婊村畾锛屼互閰氶厼涓烘寚绀哄墏銆?/p>
鍚″暥锛屽叚浜氱敳鍩哄洓鑳轰负纰憋紝鍏?/p>
pK
b
鍒嗗埆涓?/p>
8.77
鍜?/p>
8.85
锛屼笉鑳芥弧瓒?/p>
cK
b
鈮?/p>
10
-8
鐨?/p>
鍑嗙‘婊村畾鏉′欢锛屾晠涓嶈兘鐢ㄩ吀纰辨淮瀹氭硶鐩存帴娴嬪畾銆?/p>
6
锛?/p>
涓轰粈涔?/p>
NaOH
鏍囧噯婧舵恫鑳界洿鎺ユ淮瀹氶唻閰革紝
鑰屼笉鑳界洿鎺ユ淮瀹氱〖閰?/p>
?
璇曞姞浠ヨ鏄庛�?/p>
绛旓細鍥犱负閱嬮吀鐨?/p>
pK
a
涓?/p>
4.74
锛屾弧瓒?/p>
cK
a
鈮?/p>
10
-8
鐨勫噯纭淮瀹氭潯浠讹紝鏁呭彲鐢?/p>
NaOH
鏍?/p>
鍑嗘憾娑茬洿鎺ユ淮瀹氾紱纭奸吀鐨?/p>
pK
a
涓?/p>
9.24
锛屼笉婊¤冻
cK
a
鈮?/p>
10
-8
鐨勫噯纭淮瀹氭潯浠讹紝鏁?/p>
涓嶅彲鐢?/p>
NaOH
鏍囧噯婧舵恫鐩存帴婊村畾銆?/p>
鎬濊�冮
4
锛?/p>
3
2
锛?/p>
褰撶敤涓婇鎵�杩扮殑
NaOH
鏍囧噯婧舵恫娴嬪畾鏌愪竴寮遍吀娴撳害鏃讹紝
瀵规祴瀹氱粨鏋滄湁
浣曞奖鍝?/p>
?
绛旓細褰撴祴瀹氭煇涓�寮遍吀娴撳害鏃讹紝鍙兘浣跨敤閰氶厼鎸囩ず缁堢偣锛屾晠娴嬪畾寮遍吀鐨勬祿
搴﹀亸楂樸�?/p>
4
锛庣敤涓嬪垪鐗╄川鏍囧畾
HCl
婧舵恫娴撳害锛?/p>
(1)
鍦?/p>
110
鈩冪儤杩囩殑
Na
2
C0
3
锛?/p>
(2)
鍦ㄧ浉瀵规箍搴︿负
30
锛呯殑瀹瑰櫒涓繚瀛樼殑纭肩爞锛?/p>
鍒欐爣瀹氭墍寰楃殑娴撳害鍋忛珮锛屽亸浣庯紝杩樻槸鍑嗙‘
?
涓轰粈涔?/p>
?
绛旓細
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
3
2
3
2
HCl
V
CO
Na
M
CO
Na
m
HCl
c
飩?/p>
飥?
Na
2
C0
3
搴斿湪
270
鈩冪儤骞诧紝褰撶敤
110
鈩冪儤杩囩殑
Na
2
C0
3
浣滃熀鍑嗙墿鏃讹紝
Na
2
C0
3
涓?/p>
鍙兘鏈変竴浜涙按鍒嗭紝婊村畾鏃舵秷鑰?/p>
HCl
婧舵恫鍑忓皯锛屼娇鏍囧畾
HCl
婧舵恫娴撳害鍋忛珮銆?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夊綋绌烘皵鐩稿婀垮害灏忎簬
39%
鏃讹紝纭肩爞瀹规槗澶卞幓缁撴櫠姘达紝鏁呯敤鍦ㄧ浉瀵?/p>
婀垮害涓?/p>
30
锛呯殑瀹瑰櫒涓繚瀛樼殑纭肩爞鏍囧畾
HCl
婧舵恫娴撳害鏃讹紝浼氫娇鏍囧畾
HCl
婧舵恫娴?/p>
搴﹀亸浣庛�?/p>
6
锛庝粖娆插垎鍒祴瀹氫笅鍒楁贩鍚堢墿涓殑鍚勪釜缁勫垎锛岃瘯鎷熷嚭娴嬪畾鏂规
(
鍖呮嫭涓昏姝ラ銆?/p>
鏍囧噯婧舵恫銆佹寚绀哄墏鍜屽惈閲忚绠楀紡锛屼互
g
路
mL
鈥?/p>
1
琛ㄧず
)
銆?/p>