鐗╄川鐨勯噺
姘斾綋鎽╁皵浣撶Н
[
鑰冪翰瑕佹眰
]
1.
浜嗚В鐗╄川鐨勯噺鍙婂叾鍗曚綅銆侀樋浼忓姞寰风綏甯告暟銆佹懇灏旇川閲忋�佹皵浣撴懇灏斾綋绉殑鍚?/p>
涔夈�?/p>
2.
鑳芥牴鎹墿璐ㄧ殑閲忎笌璐ㄩ噺銆佹懇灏旇川閲忋�佹皵浣撲綋绉紙鏍囧噯鐘跺喌锛?/p>
銆佺墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴︺�佺墿璐ㄨ川
閲忓垎鏁般�?/p>
闃夸紡鍔犲痉缃楀父鏁般�?/p>
寰矑鏁颁箣闂寸殑鐩镐簰鍏崇郴杩涜鏈夊叧璁＄畻銆?/p>
3.
鑳芥纭В绛旈樋浼忓姞寰风綏
甯告暟鍙婇樋浼忓姞寰风綏瀹氬緥涓庣墿璐ㄧ殑缁勬垚銆佺粨鏋勫強閲嶈鍙嶅簲缁煎悎搴旂敤棰樸�?/p>
鑰冪偣涓�
鐗╄川鐨勯噺銆佹懇灏旇川閲?/p>
1
锛庣墿璐ㄧ殑閲?/p>
(1)
鐗╄川鐨勯噺
(n)
鐗╄川鐨勯噺鏄〃绀哄惈鏈変竴瀹氭暟鐩矑
瀛愮殑闆嗗悎浣撶殑鐗╃悊閲忥紝鍗曚綅涓烘懇灏?/p>
(mol)
銆?/p>
(2)
鐗╄川鐨勯噺鐨勮鑼冭〃绀烘柟娉曪細
(3)
闃夸紡鍔犲痉缃楀父鏁?/p>
(NA)
0
锛?/p>
012 kg 12C
鎵�鍚師瀛愭暟涓洪樋浼忓姞寰风綏甯告暟锛屽叾鏁板�肩害涓?/p>
6.02脳1023锛屽崟浣嶄负
mol
锛?/p>
1
銆?/p>
鍏紡锛?/p>
NA
锛?/p>
N
n
2
锛庢懇灏旇川閲?/p>
(1)
鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺鏄崟浣嶇墿璐ㄧ殑閲忕殑鐗╄川鎵�鍏锋湁鐨勮川閲忋�傚崟浣嶆槸
g路mol锛?/p>
1
銆傚叕寮忥細
M
锛?/p>
m
n
銆?/p>
(2)
鏁板�硷細浠?/p>
g路mol锛?/p>
1
涓哄崟浣嶆椂锛屼换浣曠矑瀛愮殑鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺鍦ㄦ暟鍊间笂閮界瓑浜庤绮掑瓙鐨勭浉瀵瑰垎瀛?/p>
(
鍘熷瓙
)
璐ㄩ噺銆?/p>
娣卞害鎬濊�?/p>
1
锛?/p>
1 mol NaCl
鍜?/p>
1 mol HCl
鎵�鍚殑绮掑瓙鏁扮浉鍚屽悧锛?/p>
绛旀
涓嶇浉鍚屻�傚洜涓?/p>
NaCl
鏄瀛愬寲鍚堢墿锛岀粍鎴愬井绮掓槸
Na
锛嬪拰
Cl
锛嶏紝鑰?/p>
HCl
鏄叡浠峰寲鍚堢墿锛?/p>
缁勬垚寰矑鏄?/p>
HCl
鍒嗗瓙銆?/p>
2
锛庨樋浼忓姞寰风綏甯告暟
(NA)
涓?/p>
6.02脳1023
瀹屽叏鐩稿悓鍚楋紵
绛旀
涓嶇浉鍚屻�?/p>
6.02脳1023
鏄釜绾暟鍊兼病鏈変换浣曠墿鐞嗘剰涔夛紝
鑰岄樋浼忓姞寰风綏甯告暟
(NA)
鏄寚
1
mol
浠讳綍寰矑鎵�鍚殑绮掑瓙鏁帮紝瀹冧笌
0.012
kg
12C
鎵�鍚殑纰冲師瀛愭暟鐩稿悓锛屾暟鍊间笂绾︿负
6.02脳1023銆?/p>
棰樼粍涓�
鏈夊叧姒傚康鐨勭悊瑙?/p>
1
锛庝笅鍒楄娉曚腑姝ｇ‘鐨勬槸
(
)
A
锛?/p>
1 mol
浠讳綍鐗╄川閮藉惈鏈?/p>
6.02脳1023
涓垎瀛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
1 mol Ne
涓惈鏈夌害
6.02脳1024
涓數瀛?/p>