鑰冨崥
鐢熺墿鍖栧涓庡垎瀛?/p>
2018
1
/
18
2012
鐢熷寲鍒嗗瓙
涓�銆?/p>
鍚嶈瘝瑙ｉ噴
1.
姘у寲纾烽吀鍖?/p>
銆愮瓟妗堛�?/p>
浼撮殢鐢靛瓙浠庡簳鐗╁埌姘х殑浼犻�掞紝
ADP
琚７閰稿寲褰㈡垚
ATP
鐨勯叾淇冭繃绋嬪嵆鏄哀鍖栫７閰稿寲浣滅敤
(oxidative phosphorylation)
銆?/p>
姘у寲纾烽吀鍖栫殑鍏ㄨ繃绋嬪彲鐢ㄦ柟绋嬪紡琛ㄧず濡備笅锛?/p>
NADH+H
+
+3ADP+3Pi+1/2 O
2
NAD
+
+ 4H
2
O + 3ATP
2.
鎿嶇旱瀛?/p>
銆愮瓟妗堛�?/p>
鎿嶇旱瀛愬嵆
鍩哄洜琛ㄨ揪鐨勫崗璋冨崟浣?/p>
(coordination unit)
,
瀹冧滑鏈夊叡鍚岀殑鎺?/p>
鍒跺尯
(control region)
鍜?/p>
璋冭妭绯荤粺
(regulation
system)
銆?/p>
鎿嶇旱瀛愬寘鎷湪鍔熻兘涓婂郊姝ゆ湁鍏崇殑
缁撴瀯鍩哄洜
鍜?/p>
鎺у埗閮ㄤ綅
锛屽悗鑰呯敱
鍚姩瀛?/p>
(promoter, P)
鍜?/p>
鎿嶇旱鍩哄洜
(operator, O)
鎵�缁勬垚銆?/p>
涓�涓搷绾靛瓙鐨勫叏閮ㄥ熀鍥犻兘鎺掑垪鍦ㄤ竴璧凤紝鍏朵腑铏界劧鍖呮嫭鑻ュ共涓粨鏋勫熀鍥狅紝鍙槸閫氳繃杞綍褰㈡垚鐨勭‘鏄竴鏉″椤哄弽瀛?/p>
mRNA
(polycistronic mRNA)
銆?/p>
鎿嶇旱瀛愪腑鐨?/p>
鎺у埗閮ㄤ綅鍙帴鍙楄皟鑺傚熀鍥犱骇鐗╃殑璋冭妭
銆?/p>
3.
闈炵紪鐮?/p>
RNA
銆愮瓟妗堛�?/p>
闈炵紪鐮?/p>
RNA
锛?/p>
Non-coding RNA
锛夋槸鎸囦笉缂栫爜铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ殑
RNA
銆?/p>
鍏朵腑鍖呮嫭
rRNA
锛?/p>
tRNA
锛?/p>
snRNA
锛?/p>
snoRNA
鍜?/p>
microRNA
绛夊绉嶅凡鐭ュ姛鑳界殑
RNA
锛岃繕鍖呮嫭鏈煡鍔熻兘鐨?/p>
RNA
銆?/p>
杩欎簺
RNA
鐨勫叡鍚岀壒鐐规槸閮借兘浠庡熀鍥犵粍涓婅浆褰曡�屾潵锛屼絾鏄笉缈昏瘧鎴愯泲鐧斤紝鍦?/p>
RNA
姘村钩涓婂氨鑳借浣垮悇鑷殑鐢熺墿瀛﹀姛鑳戒簡銆?/p>
闈炵紪鐮?/p>
RNA
浠庨暱搴︿笂鏉ュ垝鍒嗗彲浠ュ垎涓?/p>
3
绫伙細灏忎簬
50 nt
锛屽寘鎷?/p>
microRNA
锛?/p>
siRNA
锛?/p>
piRNA
锛?/p>
50 nt
鍒?/p>
500 nt
锛屽寘鎷?/p>
rRNA
锛?/p>
tRNA
锛?/p>
snRNA
锛?/p>
snoRNA
锛?/p>
SLRNA
锛?/p>
SRPRNA
绛夌瓑锛涘ぇ浜?/p>
500 nt
锛屽寘鎷暱鐨?/p>
mRNA-like
鐨勯潪缂栫爜
RNA
锛岄暱鐨勪笉甯?/p>
polyA
灏惧反鐨勯潪缂栫爜
RNA
绛?/p>
绛夈�?/p>
4.
琛ㄨ閬椾紶璋冩帶
銆愮瓟妗堛�?/p>
琛ㄨ閬椾紶瀛︼紙
epigenetics
锛夊垯鏄寚鍦ㄥ熀鍥犵殑
DNA
搴忓垪娌℃湁鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屽熀鍥犲姛鑳藉彂鐢熶簡鍙仐浼犵殑鍙樺寲锛屽苟鏈�缁?/p>
瀵艰嚧浜嗚〃鍨嬬殑鍙樺寲銆?/p>
璋冭妭鏈哄埗鍖呮嫭锛?/p>
DNA
淇グ
鎸?/p>
DNA
鍏变环缁撳悎涓�涓慨楗板熀鍥紝浣垮叿鏈夌浉鍚屽簭鍒楃殑绛変綅鍩哄洜澶勪簬涓嶅悓淇グ鐘舵�?/p>
闈炵紪鐮?/p>
RNA
璋冩帶
闈炵紪鐮?/p>
RNA
璋冩帶鏄�氳繃鏌愪簺鏈哄埗瀹炵幇瀵瑰熀鍥犺浆褰曠殑璋冩帶锛屽
RNA
骞叉壈
缁勮泲鐧戒慨楗?/p>
鐪熸牳鐢熺墿
DNA
琚粍铔嬬櫧缁勬垚鐨勬牳灏忎綋绱у瘑鍖呯粫锛岀粍铔嬬櫧涓婄殑璁稿浣嶇偣閮藉彲浠ヨ淇グ锛屽挨鍏舵槸璧栨皑閰搞�傜粍铔嬬櫧淇グ鍙?/p>
褰卞搷缁勮泲鐧戒笌
DNA
鍙岄摼鐨勪翰鍜屾�э紝浠庤�屾敼鍙樻煋鑹茶川鐨勭枏鏉惧拰鍑濋泦鐘舵�侊紝杩涜�屽奖鍝嶈浆褰曞洜瀛愮瓑璋冭妭铔嬬櫧涓庢煋鑹茶川鐨勭粨鍚堬紝褰卞搷鍩哄洜
琛ㄨ揪
鏌撹壊璐ㄩ噸濉?/p>
鏌撹壊璐ㄩ噸濉戞槸鐢辨煋鑹茶川閲嶅澶嶅悎鐗╀粙瀵肩殑涓�绯诲垪浠ユ煋鑹茶川涓婃牳灏忎綋鍙樺寲涓哄熀鏈壒寰佺殑鐢熺墿瀛﹁繃绋?/p>
鏍稿皬浣撳畾浣?/p>
鏍稿皬浣撴槸鍩哄洜杞綍鐨勯殰纰嶏紝琚粍铔嬬櫧绱у瘑缂犵粫鐨?/p>
DNA
鏄棤娉曚笌浼楀杞綍鍥犲瓙浠ュ強娲诲寲鍥犲瓙缁撳悎鐨勩�傚洜姝わ紝鏍稿皬浣撳湪
鍩哄洜缁勪綅缃殑鏀瑰彉瀵逛簬璋冩帶鍩哄洜琛ㄨ揪鏈夌潃閲嶈褰卞搷銆?/p>
5.
浠ｈ阿缁?/p>
銆愮瓟妗堛�?/p>
浠ｈ阿缁勬槸鎸囩敓鐗╀綋
鍐呮簮鎬т唬璋㈢墿璐?/p>
鐨勫姩鎬佹暣浣撱�?/p>
鑰屼紶缁熺殑浠ｈ阿姒傚康鏃㈠寘鎷?/p>
鐢熺墿鍚堟垚
锛屼篃鍖呮嫭
鐢熺墿鍒嗚В
锛屽洜姝ょ悊璁轰笂浠ｈ阿鐗╁簲鍖呮嫭鏍搁吀銆佽泲鐧借川銆佽剛绫荤敓鐗╁ぇ鍒嗗瓙浠ュ強鍏朵粬灏忓垎瀛?/p>
浠ｈ阿鐗╄川銆?/p>
浠ｈ阿缁勫
(metabonomics/metabolomics)
鏄晥浠垮熀鍥犵粍瀛﹀拰铔嬬櫧璐ㄧ粍瀛︾殑鐮旂┒鎬濇兂锛?/p>
瀵圭敓鐗╀綋鍐呮墍鏈変唬璋㈢墿杩涜瀹氶噺鍒嗘瀽
锛屽苟瀵?/p>
鎵句唬璋㈢墿涓庣敓鐞嗙梾鐞嗗彉鍖栫殑鐩稿鍏崇郴鐨勭爺绌舵柟寮忥紝鏄郴缁熺敓鐗╁鐨勭粍鎴愰儴鍒嗐�傚叾
鐮旂┒瀵硅薄澶ч兘鏄浉瀵瑰垎瀛愯川閲?/p>
1000
浠ュ唴鐨勫皬鍒?/p>
瀛愮墿璐?/p>
銆?/p>