瀹炵敤鏍囧噯鏂囨。
鏂囨澶у叏
涓�銆?/p>
鏍搁吀鐨勭粨鏋勫拰鍔熻兘
鑴辨哀鏍哥硸鏍搁吀
锛?/p>
deoxyribonucleic acid,
DNA
锛?/p>
:
閬椾紶
淇℃伅鐨勮串瀛樺拰鎼哄甫鑰咃紝鐢熺墿鐨勪富瑕侀仐浼犵墿璐ㄣ�傚湪鐪熸牳缁?/p>
鑳炰腑锛?/p>
DNA
涓昏闆嗕腑鍦ㄧ粏鑳炴牳鍐咃紝绾跨矑浣撳拰鍙剁豢浣撲腑鍧?/p>
鏈夊悇鑷殑
DNA
銆傚師鏍哥粏鑳炴病鏈夋槑鏄剧殑缁嗚優鏍哥粨鏋勶紝
DNA
瀛樺湪浜庣О涓虹被鏍哥殑缁撴瀯鍖恒�?/p>
鏍哥硸鏍搁吀
锛?/p>
ribonucleic acid,
RNA
锛夛細涓昏鍙備笌閬椾紶
淇℃伅鐨勪紶閫掑拰琛ㄨ揪杩囩▼锛岀粏鑳炲唴鐨?/p>
RNA
涓昏瀛樺湪浜庣粏鑳?/p>
璐ㄤ腑锛屽皯閲忓瓨鍦ㄤ簬缁嗚優鏍镐腑銆?/p>
DNA
鍒嗗瓙涓悇鑴辨哀鏍歌嫹閰镐箣闂寸殑杩炴帴鏂瑰紡
锛?/p>
3
麓
-5
麓
纾烽吀
浜岄叝閿?/p>
锛夊拰鎺掑垪椤哄簭鍙仛
DNA
鐨勪竴绾х粨鏋勶紝绠�绉颁负纰卞熀
搴忓垪銆備竴绾х粨鏋勭殑璧板悜鐨勮瀹氫负
5
麓
鈫?/p>
3
麓
銆?/p>
DNA
鐨勫弻铻烘棆妯″瀷鐗圭偣锛?/p>
涓ゆ潯鍙嶅悜骞宠鐨勫鑱氭牳鑻烽吀閾炬部涓�涓亣璁剧殑涓績杞村彸
鏃嬬浉浜掔洏缁曡�屽舰鎴愩�?/p>
纾烽吀鍜岃劚姘ф牳绯栧崟浣嶄綔涓轰笉鍙樼殑楠ㄦ灦缁勬垚浣嶄簬澶?/p>
渚э紝浣滀负鍙彉鎴愬垎鐨勭⒈鍩轰綅浜庡唴渚э紝閾鹃棿纰卞熀鎸?/p>
A
鈥?/p>
T
锛?/p>
G
鈥?/p>
C
閰嶅锛堢⒈鍩洪厤瀵瑰師鍒欙紝
Chargaff
瀹氬緥锛?/p>
铻烘棆鐩村緞
2nm
锛岀浉閭荤⒈鍩哄钩闈㈠瀭鐩磋窛绂?/p>
0.34nm,
铻?/p>
鏃嬬粨鏋勬瘡闅?/p>
10
涓⒈鍩哄锛?/p>
base pair, bp
锛夐噸澶嶄竴娆★紝
闂撮殧涓?/p>
3.4nm
DNA
鐨勫弻铻烘棆缁撴瀯绋冲畾鍥犵礌
姘㈤敭
纰卞熀鍫嗛泦鍔?/p>
纾烽吀鍩轰笂璐熺數鑽疯鑳炲唴缁勮泲鐧芥垨姝ｇ瀛愪腑鍜?/p>
DNA
鐨勫弻铻烘棆缁撴瀯
鐨勬剰涔?/p>
璇ユā鍨嬫彮绀轰簡
DNA
浣滀负閬椾紶鐗╄川鐨勭ǔ瀹氭�х壒寰侊紝鏈�鏈変环
鍊肩殑鏄‘璁や簡
纰卞熀閰嶅
鍘熷垯锛岃繖鏄?/p>
DNA
澶嶅埗銆佽浆褰曞拰鍙?/p>
杞綍鐨勫垎瀛愬熀纭�锛屼害鏄仐浼犱俊鎭紶閫掑拰琛ㄨ揪鐨勫垎瀛愬熀纭�銆?/p>
璇ユā鍨嬬殑鎻愬嚭鏄湰涓栫邯鐢熷懡绉戝鐨勯噸澶х獊鐮翠箣涓�锛屽畠濂?/p>
瀹氫簡鐢熺墿鍖栧鍜屽垎瀛愮敓鐗╁涔冭嚦鏁翠釜鐢熷懡绉戝椋為�熷彂
灞曠殑鍩虹煶銆?/p>
DNA
鐨勪笁绾х粨鏋?/p>
鍦ㄧ粏鑳炲唴锛岀敱浜?/p>
DNA
鍒嗗瓙涓庡叾瀹冨垎瀛愶紙涓昏鏄泲鐧借川锛?/p>
鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢紝
浣?/p>
DNA
鍙岃灪鏃嬭繘涓�姝ユ壄鏇插舰鎴愮殑楂樼骇缁撴瀯
.
RNA
绫诲埆锛?/p>
RNA
锛?/p>
messenger
RNA
锛?/p>
mRNA
锛夛細鍦ㄨ泲鐧借川鍚堟垚涓?
璧锋ā鏉夸綔鐢紱
RNA
锛?/p>
ribosoal RNA
锛?/p>
rRNA
锛夛細涓庤泲鐧借川缁撳悎
鏋勬垚鏍哥硸浣?/p>
锛?/p>
ribosome
锛?/p>
,
鏍哥硸浣撴槸铔嬬櫧璐ㄥ悎鎴愮殑鍦烘墍锛?/p>
RNA
锛?/p>
transfor RNA
锛?/p>
tRNA
锛夛細鍦ㄨ泲鐧借川鍚堟垚鏃?/p>
璧风潃鎼哄甫娲诲寲姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑浣滅敤銆?/p>
rRNA
鐨勫垎瀛愮粨鏋?/p>
鐗瑰緛
锛?/p>
鍗曢摼锛岃灪鏃嬪寲绋嬪害杈?/p>
tRNA
浣?/p>
涓庤泲鐧借川缁勬垚鏍哥硸浣撳悗鏂硅兘鍙戞尌鍏跺姛鑳?/p>
mRNA
鐨勫垎瀛愮粨鏋?/p>
鍘熸牳鐢熺墿
mRNA
鐗瑰緛锛?/p>
