涓闄?/p>
1996
鐢熷寲涓庡垎瀛?/p>
涓�銆佹槸闈為锛?/p>
10
鍒嗐�傛瘡棰樼瓟瀵瑰緱
1
鍒嗭紝鎵撻敊鍒版墸鍗婂垎锛屼笉绛旇�呭�掓墸銆?/p>
1
銆佺背姘忓父鏁帮紙
Km
锛?/p>
鏄笌鍙嶅簲绯荤粺鐨勯叾娴撳害鏃犲叧鐨勪竴涓父鏁般�?/p>
2
銆佷笌鑲岀孩铔嬬櫧涓嶅悓锛岃绾㈣泲鐧界敱鍥涗釜浜氬熀缁勬垚锛屽洜姝ゆ彁楂樹簡瀹冧笌姘х殑缁撳悎鑳藉姏锛屼粠鑰屽鍔?/p>
浜嗚緭姘х殑鍔熻兘銆?/p>
3
銆佺淮鐢熺礌
D
鍜岀敳鐘惰吅婵�绱犵殑鍙椾綋閮藉湪闈剁粏鑳炴牳鍐呫�?/p>
4
銆佸嚌鑳惰繃婊ゆ硶鍙敤浜庢祴瀹氳泲鐧界殑鍒嗗瓙閲忥紝鍒嗗瓙閲忓皬鐨勮泲鐧借川鍏堜粠鏌变笂娴佸嚭锛屽垎瀛愰噺澶х殑鍚?/p>
娴佸嚭銆?/p>
5
銆佷袱鏉″崟鐙偨閾剧粡閾鹃棿浜岀～浜よ仈锛岀粍鎴愯泲鐧借川鍒嗗瓙锛岃繖涓ゆ潯鑲介摼鏄铔嬬櫧鐨勪袱涓簹鍩恒�?/p>
6
銆佸摵涔冲姩鐗╂棤姘т笅涓嶈兘瀛樻椿锛屽洜涓鸿憽钀勭硸閰佃В涓嶈兘鍚堟垚
ATP
銆?/p>
7
銆佷綋缁嗚優锛堝弻鍊嶄綋锛?/p>
DNA
鍚噺绾︿负鐢熸畺缁嗚優
DNA
鍚噺鐨勪袱鍊嶃�?/p>
8
銆佺湡鏍哥敓鐗╃殑鍩哄洜涓嶇粍鎴愭搷绾靛瓙锛屼笉褰㈡垚澶氶『瀛?/p>
mRNA
銆?/p>
9
銆佸厜鍚堜綔鐢ㄧ殑鎬诲弽搴斾腑锛?/p>
H2O
涓殑姘у弬鍏ュ埌钁¤悇绯栦腑鍘汇�?/p>
10
銆佺湡鏍哥粏鑳炲拰鍘熸牳缁嗚優鏍哥硸浣撲腑鐨?/p>
RNA
鐨勬暟鐩拰绉嶇被鏄浉鍚岀殑銆?/p>
浜屻�侀�夋嫨棰橈細
20
鍒嗐�傜瓟閿欎笉鍊掓墸鍒嗐�?/p>
1
銆佷粠琛�绾㈣泲鐧借姘磋В寰楀埌鐨勬皑鍩洪吀鐨勬墜鎬у厜瀛︽�ц川锛?/p>
A
锛庨兘鏄?/p>
L
鍨嬬殑锛?/p>
B
銆傞兘鏄乏鏃嬬殑锛?/p>
C
銆傚苟闈為兘鏄?/p>
L
鍨嬬殑锛?/p>
D
銆傛湁
D
鍨嬬殑涔熸湁
L
鍨嬬殑銆?/p>
2
銆佺敓鐗╄啘鐨勫帤搴﹀湪
A
锛?/p>
100nm
宸﹀彸
B
锛?/p>
10nm
宸﹀彸
C
锛?/p>
1nm
宸﹀彸
3
銆佺湡鏍哥敓鐗╀腑缁?/p>
RNA
鑱氬悎閰垛參鍌寲杞綍鐨勪骇鐗╂槸
A
锛?/p>
mRNA
B
锛?/p>
hnRNA
C
锛?/p>
rRNA
鍜?/p>
5SRNA
D
锛?/p>
tRNA
鍜?/p>
5SRNA
4
銆佹秷鍖栫郴缁熺殑姘磋В閰讹紝澶у鏄互闈炴椿鎬х殑閰跺師褰㈠紡鍚堟垚鍑烘潵鐨勶紝浣嗕篃鏈変緥澶栵紝濡?/p>
A
锛庢牳绯栨牳閰搁叾
B
锛庣緹鑲介叾
C
锛庤儍铔嬬櫧閰?/p>
5
銆佸湪鏌撹壊浣撲腑
DNA
鐨勬瀯鍨嬩富瑕佹槸
A
锛?/p>
A
鍨?/p>
B
锛?/p>
B
鍨?/p>
C
锛?/p>
C
鍨?/p>
D
锛?/p>
Z
鍨?/p>
6
銆佽秴杩囨护浜庡嚌鑳惰繃婊?/p>
A
锛庢槸涓ょ鎬ц川涓嶅悓锛岀敤澶勪笉鍚岀殑铔嬬櫧璐ㄥ埗澶囨柟娉?/p>
B
锛庢槸涓�绉嶆�ц川锛屼絾琛ㄧ幇鏂规硶涓嶅悓鐨勮泲鐧借川鍒跺鏂规硶
C
锛庢槸鍚屼竴绉嶆柟娉曠殑涓ょ鍚嶈瘝
7
銆佺爺绌惰泲鐧借川缁撴瀯甯哥敤姘у寲娉曟墦寮�浜岀～閿紝鎵�鐢ㄧ殑鍖栧璇曞墏鏄?/p>
A
锛庝簹纭濋吀
B
锛庤繃姘吀
C
锛庣～閰?/p>
D
锛庤繃鐢查吀
8
銆侀泟婵�绱犲鐗╄川浠ｈ阿鏈�鏄捐憲鐨勪竴椤归噸瑕佷綔鐢ㄦ槸
A
锛庝績杩涜倽鑴忕硸鍘熷垎瑙?/p>
B
锛庡鍔犺剛鑲串瀛?/p>
C
锛庡姞寮鸿泲鐧借川鐨勫悓鍖栦綔鐢?/p>
D
銆傞捑銆侀挋銆佺７绛?/p>
鐗╄川鐨勫惛鏀?/p>
9
銆佹牳鑻烽吀浠庡ご鍚堟垚涓紝鍢у暥鐜殑
1
浣嶆爱鍘熷瓙鏉ヨ嚜
A
锛庡ぉ鍐皑閰?/p>
B
锛庤禆姘ㄩ吀
C
锛庤胺姘ㄩ叞鑳?/p>
D
锛庣敇姘ㄩ吀
10
銆佺晶鑲介叾
C
涓撻棬姘磋В
C
绔�掓暟绗簩浣嶆槸鍝釜姘ㄥ熀閰稿舰鎴愮殑鑲介摼
A
锛庣簿姘ㄩ吀
B
锛庤禆姘ㄩ吀
C
锛庤劘姘ㄩ吀
11
銆佸皢
RNA
杞Щ鍒扮鍩虹氦缁寸礌鑶滀笂鐨勬妧鏈彨
A
锛?/p>
Southern blotting
B
锛?/p>
Northern blotting
C
锛?/p>
Western blotting
D
锛?/p>
Eastern blotting
12
銆佺敇姘ㄩ吀鐨勮В绂诲父鏁板垎鍒负
K1=2.34
鍜?/p>
K2=9.60
锛屽畠鐨勭瓑鐢电偣锛?/p>
PI
锛夋槸
A
锛?/p>
7.26
B
锛?/p>
5.97
C
锛?/p>
7.14
D
锛?/p>
10.77
13
銆佸涓�涓厠闅嗙殑
DNA
鐗囨鍋氱墿鐞嗗浘璋卞垎鏋愶紝闇�瑕佺敤
A
锛庢牳閰稿鍒囬叾
B
锛庨檺鍒舵�у唴鍒囬叾
C
锛?/p>
DNA
杩炴帴閰?/p>
D
锛庤劚姘ф牳绯栨牳閰搁叾