1
Automobile Design-Frame Designs
The vehicle frame is the basic platform to which all suspension and steering linkage parts
attach. A vehicle will neither steer nor handle well if the frame is too flexible. A rigid frame
structure
may
pass
unnecessary
vibrations
into
the
passenger
compartment.
The
frame
and
suspension design will affect the ride quality, handling, and durability, as well as the levels of
both noise and vibration.
Manufacturers
use
several
different
types
of
construction
on
their
vehicles.
Of
these,
separate body and frame construction was the most common through the 1970's. It is still used
in large vans, pickups, and trucks. In this type of construction, the engine, drive line, running
gear, and body mount to the frame through insulators. Insulators are synthetic rubber pads that
keep road and engine noise and vibration from going into the passenger compartment.
A
second
type
of
construction
is
the
unitized
body.
This,
design
is
by
far
the
most
popular in modern vehicles. The unitized design has a lightweight structure with the required
strength. Tn this type of construction, the frame is welded into the body as part of the body
structure. Body panels add strength to the frame pieces. The running gear and drive line are
mounted to
the unitized body through large, soft synthetic rubber insulators. The insulators
minimize the transfer of noise and vibration. If the insulators are too soft, they will allow too
much
running
gear
and
drive
line
movement.
This
movement,
called
compliance,
affects
vehicle handling and control. If the insulators are too hard, they will not insulate noise and
vibration
as
they
should.
The
manufacturer
carefully
designs
the
insulators
and
puts
them
where they will be in a vehicle with low noise and vibration transmission that still has proper
handling and feel.
Insulator properties change with age, changing original characteristics as
the vehicle becomes older.
A third type of construction combines the features of the first and second types. It uses a
stub
frame
from
the
bulkhead
forward
and
a
unitized
body
from
the
bulkhead
back.
The
unitized part is very rigid, while the stub frame provides a place for good insulation.
Manufacturers
select
the
type
of
construction .that
is
most
economical
to
build,'
while
providing the noise, vibration, and ride and handling characteristics they want in the vehicle.
Large
older
vehicles,
vans,
and
trucks
generally
use
separate
body
and
frame
construction.
The newer, smaller' vehicles generally use unitized construction.
The machine piston connecting rod set
The
piston
connecting
rod
set
is
composed
of
the
piston,
piston
wreath,
piston
pin,
connecting rod, connecting rod axle bush, etc.
effect: The effect of the piston is to bear the air pressure, and pass to connecting rod to
drive the bent axle to revolve through connecting rod axle bush, the piston coping is still a
part of the burning room. The work condition: Piston works under the condition of heat, high
pressure,
high
speed,
and
bad
lubrication .Piston
directly
contacts
with
the
heat
air.
The
temperature can amount to above 2500 Ks in a moment .The piston is heated severely, but the
condition of spreading the hot is bad .So while the piston works, the temperature is very high
and the coping is up to the 600-700 Ks: And the temperature distributes asymmetrically; The
piston coping bears great air pressure, especially the pressure is greatest in the route of doing
efficacy.
The
gasoline
machine
is
up
to
the
3-5MPas,
the
diesel
engine
is
up
to
the