1
绗?/p>
18
绔?/p>
d
s
鍖洪噾灞?/p>
18.l
涓轰粈涔?/p>
C
u(II)
鍦ㄦ按婧舵恫涓瘮
Cu(I)
鏇寸ǔ瀹氾紝
Ag(I)
姣?/p>
Ag(II)
绋冲畾
,Au
鏄撳舰鎴?/p>
+III
姘у寲鎬佸寲鍚堢墿
?
瑙ｏ細
(1)Cu
2+
绂诲瓙鍗婂緞姣?/p>
Cu
+
绂诲瓙鐨勫皬锛岃�岀數鑽峰張澶氫竴鍊嶏紝鎵�浠?/p>
Cu
2+
鐨勬憾鍓傚寲浣滅敤瑕佹瘮
Cu
+
鐨勫己寰楀锛?/p>
Cu
2+
鐨勬按鍖栬兘
(
锛?/p>
2121kJ
路
mol
锛?/p>
1
)
宸茶秴杩囬摐鐨勭浜岀數绂昏兘銆傛墍浠?/p>
Cu
2+
鍦ㄦ按婧舵恫涓?/p>
姣?/p>
C
u
+
绋宠冻銆?/p>
(2)Ag
2+
鍜?/p>
Ag
+
鐨勭瀛愬崐寰勯兘杈冨ぇ锛屽叾姘村寲鑳界浉搴斿氨灏忥紝鑰屼笖閾剁殑绗簩鐢电鑳藉張姣旈摐鐨勭
浜岀數绂昏兘澶э紝鍥犳
Ag
+
姣旇緝绋冲畾銆?/p>
(3)
閲戠殑绂诲瓙鍗婂緞鏄庢樉姣旈摱鐨勫ぇ锛岄噾鐨勭
3
涓數瀛愭瘮杈冨鏄撳け鍘伙紝鍐嶅姞涓?/p>
d
8
绂诲瓙鐨勫钩闈?/p>
姝ｆ柟褰㈢粨鏋勫叿鏈夎緝楂樼殑鏅朵綋鍦虹ǔ瀹氬寲鑳斤紝杩欏氨浣垮緱閲戝鏄撳舰鎴?/p>
+
鈪㈡哀鍖栨�併�?/p>
18.2
绠�杩帮細
(1)
鎬庢牱浠庨棯閿岀熆鍐剁偧閲戝睘閿?/p>
?(2)
鎬庢牱浠庤景鐮傚埗閲戝睘姹?/p>
?
瑙ｏ細
(1)
闂攲鐭块�氳繃娴�夋硶寰楀埌鍚湁
40
锛咃綖
60
锛?/p>
ZnS
鐨勭簿鐭跨煶锛岀剻鐑т娇鍏惰浆鍖栦负
ZnO
锛屽啀灏?/p>
ZnO
鍜岀劍鐐贩鍚堝湪榧撻鐐変腑鍔犵儹鑷?/p>
1373~1573K
锛屼娇
Zn
浠ヨ捀姘旈�稿嚭锛屽喎鍑濆緱鍒扮函搴︿负
99
锛呯殑閿?/p>
绮夛細
2ZnS+3O
2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2ZnO+2SO
2
2 C+O
2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2CO
ZnO+CO
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Zn(g)+CO
2
鈫?/p>
(2)
杈扮爞涓埗閲戝睘姹?/p>
杈扮爞纰庣煶缁忕矇纰庯紝娴�夊瘜闆嗕箣鍚庯紝鍦ㄧ┖姘斿湪涓剻鐑ф垨涓庣煶鐏板叡鐑紝鐒跺悗浣挎睘钂搁鍑烘潵銆?/p>
HgS+ O
2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Hg+ SO
2
鈫?/p>
4HgS+4CaO
=
=
=
=
=
=
4Hg+3CaS+CaSO
4
18.3
鐢佃В娉曠簿鐐奸摐鐨勮繃绋嬩腑
,
绮楅摐
(
闃虫瀬
)
涓殑閾滄憾瑙ｏ紝绾摐鍦ㄩ槾鏋佷笂娌夌Н鍑烘潵锛屼絾绮楅摐涓殑
A
g
銆?
Au
銆?/p>
Pt
绛夋潅璐ㄥ垯涓嶆憾瑙ｈ�屾矇浜庣數瑙ｆЫ搴曢儴褰㈡垚闃虫瀬娉ワ紝
Ni
銆?/p>
Fe
銆?/p>
Zn
绛夋潅璐ㄤ笌閾滀竴璧锋憾瑙ｏ紝
浣嗗苟涓嶅湪闃存瀬涓婃矇绉嚭鏉ワ紝涓轰粈涔?/p>
?
瑙ｏ細鍥犵數瑙ｈ繃绋嬫槸涓�涓哀鍖栬繕鍘熺殑杩囩▼锛屼粠涓嬮潰鍚勯噾灞炵瀛愮數瀵圭殑鐢垫瀬鐢靛娍鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛?/p>
Cu
2+
鐨勬哀鍖栬兘鍔涘ぇ浜?/p>
Ni
2+
銆?/p>
Fe
2+
銆?/p>
Zn
2+
鑰屽皬浜?/p>
A
g
+
銆?/p>
Au
3+
銆?/p>
Pt
2
+
锛屾墍浠ュ湪鐢佃В杩囩▼涓紝
Ni
銆?/p>
Fe
銆?/p>
Zn
澶卞幓鐢靛瓙杞叆婧舵恫涓紝鑰?/p>
Ag
銆?/p>
Au
銆?/p>
Pt
娌夊叆闃虫瀬搴曢儴銆?/p>
蠁
M
2+
/ M
锛?/p>
Cu
锛?/p>
0.342 V
,
Ni
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
0.257V
锛?/p>
Fe
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
0.44V
锛?/p>
Zn
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
0.762 V
锛?/p>
Ag+
锛?/p>
0.78 V
锛?
Au
3+
锛?/p>
1.498V
锛?/p>
Pt
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
2V
18.4
鏈変竴浠界閰搁摐鍜岀閰搁摱鐨勬贩鍚堢墿锛岃瘯璁捐涓�涓垎绂诲畠浠殑鏂规銆?/p>
瑙ｏ細鏍规嵁
AgNO
3
鍜?/p>
Cu(NO
3
)
2
鐨勭儹鍒嗚В娓╁害涓嶅悓鍒嗙
2AgNO
3
=
=
=
=
=
=
2Ag +2 NO
2
鈫?/p>
+O
2
Cu(NO
3
)
2
=
=
=
=
=
2CuO+4NO
2
鈫?/p>
+ O
2
鈫?/p>
鎺у埗娓╁害鍦?/p>
472
锝?/p>
712 K
涔嬮棿鍔犵儹
,
鐒跺悗婧惰В杩囨护鍑?/p>
CuO
锛屽皢婊ゆ恫閲嶇粨鏅朵究寰楀埌绾殑纭濋吀閾讹紱
灏?/p>
CuO
婧朵簬绋�纭濋吀鍐嶇粨鏅朵究寰楀埌纭濋吀閾溿�?/p>
18.5
lmL
0.2
mol
路
dm
锛?/p>
3
HCl
婧舵恫涓惈鏈?/p>
Cu
2+
5mg
锛岃嫢鍦ㄥ娓╁強
101.325kPa
涓嬮�氬叆
H
2
S
姘斾綋鑷?
楗卞拰
,
鏋愬嚭
CuS
娌夋穩
,
闂揪鍒板钩琛℃椂
,
婧舵恫涓畫鐣欑殑
Cu
2+
娴撳害
(mg
路
mL
锛?/p>
1
)
涓哄灏?/p>
?
瑙ｏ細
K
sp(CuS)
锛?/p>
1.27脳
1
0
锛?/p>
36
H
2
S
锛?/p>
K
a
1
锛?/p>
5. 7脳
1
0
锛?/p>
8
K
a
2
锛?/p>
1. 2脳
1
0
锛?/p>
15
鐢变簬
CuS
鐨?/p>
K
sp
寰堝皬锛屽彲浠ヨ涓?/p>
Cu
2+
瀹屽叏鐢熸垚
CuS
Cu
2+
+H
2
S====Cu
S
鈫?/p>
+2H
+
H
2
S====2H
+
+ S
2
锛?/p>
[S
2
锛?/p>
]
锛?
鐒欑儳
712K
472K
K
a
1
路
K
a
2
[H
2
S]
[H
+
]