鑷祴棰?/p>
3
涓�銆侀�夋嫨棰?/p>
1
銆佺數瑙ｈ川婧舵恫娲诲害
a
B
涓庡叾骞冲潎绂诲瓙娲诲害涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯讳负锛?/p>
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
a
B
=
a
卤
飦?/p>
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
a
B
=
a
卤
1/
飦?/p>
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
a
B
=
锛?/p>
1/
飦?/p>
锛?/p>
a
卤
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛?/p>
a
B
飥?/p>
飦?/p>
a
卤
銆?/p>
2
銆佸湪璁鸿堪鐢佃В璐ㄧ█婧舵恫鐨?/p>
飦?/p>
飩憋�?/p>
鏁板�煎ぇ灏忔椂锛屼笅杩拌娉曚腑閿欒鐨勬槸锛?/p>
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
飦?/p>
飩憋�?/p>
鐨勫ぇ灏忎笌娓╁害鏈夊叧锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
飦?/p>
飩憋�?/p>
鐨勫ぇ灏忎笌婧跺墏鎬ц川鏈夊叧锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
飦?/p>
飩憋�?/p>
鐨勫ぇ灏忎笌绂诲瓙鐨勪环鏁版棤鍏筹紱
锛?/p>
4
锛?/p>
飦?/p>
飩憋�?/p>
鐨勫ぇ灏忎笌娴撳害鏈夊叧銆?/p>
3
銆佸湪涓嬪垪鐢垫睜涓紝鍏剁數姹犵殑鐢靛姩鍔夸笌姘瀛愮殑娲诲害
a
(Cl
-
)
鏃犲叧鐨勬槸锛?/p>
锛夈�?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
Zn
飪?/p>
ZnCl
2
锛?/p>
aq
锛?/p>
飪?/p>
Cl
2
锛?/p>
p
锛?/p>
飪?/p>
Pt
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
Zn
飪?/p>
ZnCl
2
锛?/p>
aq
锛?/p>
飪儶
KCl
锛?/p>
aq
锛?/p>
飪?/p>
AgCl
飪?/p>
Ag
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
Pt
飪?/p>
H
2
锛?/p>
p
1
锛?/p>
飪?/p>
HCl
锛?/p>
aq
锛?/p>
飪?/p>
Cl
2
锛?/p>
p
2
锛?/p>
飪?/p>
Pt
锛涳紙
4
锛?/p>
Ag
飪?/p>
AgCl
锛?/p>
s
锛?/p>
飪?/p>
KCl
锛?/p>
aq
锛?/p>
飪?/p>
Cl
2
锛?/p>
p
锛?/p>
飪?/p>
Pt
銆?/p>
4
銆佺數姹?/p>
Hg | Zn(
a
1
) | ZnSO
4
(
a
2
) | Zn(
a
3
) | Hg
鐨勭數鍔ㄥ娍锛?/p>
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛変粎涓?/p>
a
1
锛?/p>
a
3
鏈夊叧锛屼笌
a
2
鏃犲叧锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛変粎涓?/p>
a
1
锛?/p>
a
2
鏈夊叧锛屼笌
a
3
鏃犲叧锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛変粎涓?/p>
a
2
锛?/p>
a
3
鏈夊叧锛屼笌
a
1
鏃犲叧锛?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛変笌
a
1
锛?/p>
a
2
锛?/p>
a
3
鍧囨棤鍏炽�?/p>
5
銆?/p>
298K
鏃讹紝鐢垫睜鍙嶅簲
H
2
(g)
+
1/2
O
2
(g)
=
H
2
O(l)
鎵�瀵瑰簲鐨勭數姹犳爣鍑嗙數鍔ㄥ娍
E
1
锛屽弽搴?/p>
2 H
2
O(l) = 2 H
2
(g) + O
2
(g)
鎵�瀵瑰簲鐨勭數姹犳爣鍑嗙數鍔ㄥ娍
E
2
锛?/p>
E
1
鍜?/p>
E
2
鐨勫叧绯讳负锛?/p>
锛夈�?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
E
2
= 2
E
1
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
E
2
=2
E
1
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
E
2
=
E
1
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛?/p>
E
2
=
E
1
銆?/p>
6
銆佸凡鐭?/p>
25
鈩冩椂锛?/p>
E
(Fe
3+
| Fe
2+
) = 0.77 V
锛?/p>
E
(Sn
4+
| Sn
2+
) =0.15 V
銆備粖鏈変竴鐢垫睜锛屽叾鐢垫睜鍙?/p>
搴斾负
2 Fe
3+
+ Sn
2+
= Sn
4+
+2 Fe
2+
锛屽垯璇ョ數姹犵殑鏍囧噯鐢靛姩鍔?/p>
E
(298 K)
涓猴紙
锛夈�?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
1.39 V
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
0.62 V
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
0.92 V
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛?/p>
1.07 V
銆?/p>
7
銆佸凡鐭?/p>
298K
鏃讹紝
Fe
3+
+e
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
Fe
2+
锛?/p>
E
1
=0.771 V
锛?/p>
Fe
2+
+2 e
飥?/p>
-
飩?/p>
Fe
锛?/p>
E
2
=
飥?/p>
0.440 V
銆?/p>
鍒?/p>
298K
鏃讹紝
Fe
3+
+3e
飥?/p>
飩?/p>
Fe
鐨?/p>
E
3
鏄紙
锛夈�?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
飥?/p>
0.0363 V
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
飥?/p>
0.331 V
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
0.550 V
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛?/p>
0.0363 V
銆?/p>
8.
浠ヤ笅澶嶅悎鍙嶅簲鐢辫嫢骞插熀鍏冨弽搴旀墍缁勬垚锛?/p>
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
锛岀敤璐ㄩ噺浣滅敤瀹氬緥鍐欏嚭鍙嶅簲涓?/p>
d
d
B
c
t
涓庡悇鐗╄川娴撳害鍏崇郴涓猴紙
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
d
d
B
c
t
= 2
k
A
c
A
+2
k
Y
c
Y
锛?/p>
1
2
k
Y
c
B
2
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
d
d
B
c
t
=
k
A
c
A
+
k
Y
c
Y
锛?/p>
k
Y
c
B
2
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
d
d
B
c
t
=2
k
A
c
A
+ 2
k
Y
c
Y
锛?/p>
2
k
Y
c
B
2
锛?/p>
4
锛?/p>
d
d
B
c
t
=
k
A
c
A
+
k
Y
c
Y
锛?/p>
2
k
Y
c
B
2
9.
鏌愬寲瀛﹀弽搴斾腑锛屽叾鍙嶅簲鐗╁弽搴旀帀
7/8
鎵�闇�鏃堕棿鏄畠鍙嶅簲鎺?/p>
3/4
鎵�闇�鏃堕棿鐨?/p>
1.5
鍊嶏紝鍒欏叾鍙?/p>
搴旂骇鏁颁负锛?/p>
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夐浂绾?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛変竴绾?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛変簩绾?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛変笁绾?/p>
10.
鏌愬弽搴旇繘琛屾椂锛屽弽搴旂墿娴撳害涓庢椂闂存垚绾挎�у叧绯伙紝鍒欐鍙嶅簲涔嬪崐琛版湡涓庡弽搴旂墿璧峰娴撳害锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夋棤鍏?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夋垚姝ｆ瘮
锛?/p>
3
锛夋垚鍙嶆瘮
锛?/p>
4
锛夊钩鏂规垚鍙嶆瘮
11.
鏌愬弽搴?/p>
A
鈫?/p>
2B
锛屽叾鍙嶅簲閫熺巼涓庡弽搴旂墿鐨勬祿搴︽棤鍏筹紝鍒欒鍙嶅簲鐨勭骇鏁版槸锛?/p>
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夐浂绾?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛変竴绾?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛変簩绾?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛変笁绾?/p>
12.
涓�涓亣鎯冲弽搴?/p>
A
鈫?/p>
B
锛?/p>
鍏跺弽搴旈�熺巼鏂圭▼涓?/p>
-1
A
A
d
/d
c
t
kc
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
锛?/p>
濡傛灉
k
瓒婂ぇ锛?/p>
閭ｄ箞瀹屾垚鍙嶅簲涓�
鍗婃墍闇�鏃堕棿锛?/p>
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夎秺澶?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夎秺灏?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛変笉鍙?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛変笉鑳藉垽鏂?/p>
13.
鍦?/p>
300K
锛岄矞鐗涘ザ
5
灏忔椂鍚庡嵆鍙橀吀锛屼絾鍦?/p>
275K
鐨勫啺绠遍噷鍙繚瀛?/p>
50
灏忔椂锛岀墰濂跺彉閰稿弽搴?/p>
鐨勬椿鍖栬兘鏄紙
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
50.6 kJ
锕?/p>
mol
-1
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
63.2 kJ
锕?/p>
mol
-1
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
85.7 kJ
锕?/p>
mol
-1
(4
锛?/p>
100.8 kJ
锕?/p>
mol
-1
A
Y
k
A
k
C
k
Y
k
Y
2B
C