绗?/p>
3
鑺?/p>
閰?/p>
閰朵綔鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗗瓙鍩虹
涓�銆侀叾鐨勫寲瀛︾粍鎴?/p>
鎸夌収閰剁殑鍖栧缁勬垚鍙皢閰跺垎涓哄崟绾叾鍜岀粨鍚堥叾涓ゅぇ绫汇�傚崟绾叾鍒嗗瓙涓彧鏈夋皑鍩洪吀娈嬪熀缁?/p>
鎴愮殑鑲介摼锛岀粨鍚堥叾鍒嗗瓙涓垯闄や簡澶氳偨閾剧粍鎴愮殑铔嬬櫧璐紝杩樻湁闈炶泲鐧芥垚鍒嗭紝濡傞噾灞炵瀛愩�侀搧鍗?/p>
鍟夋垨鍚?/p>
B
鏃忕淮鐢熺礌鐨勫皬鍒嗗瓙鏈夋満鐗┿�傜粨鍚堥叾鐨勮泲鐧借川閮ㄥ垎绉颁负閰惰泲鐧?/p>
(apoenzyme)
锛岄潪铔嬬櫧璐?/p>
閮ㄥ垎缁熺О涓鸿緟鍔╁洜瀛?/p>
(cofactor)
锛?/p>
涓よ�呬竴璧风粍鎴愬叏閰?/p>
(holoenzyme)
锛?/p>
鍙湁鍏ㄩ叾鎵嶆湁鍌寲娲绘�э紝
濡傛灉涓よ�呭垎寮�鍒欓叾娲诲姏娑堝け銆傞潪铔嬬櫧璐ㄩ儴鍒嗗閾佸崯鍟夋垨鍚?/p>
B
鏃忕淮鐢熺礌鐨勫寲鍚堢墿鑻ヤ笌閰惰泲鐧戒互
鍏变环閿浉杩炵殑绉颁负杈呭熀
(prosthetic group)
锛岀敤閫忔瀽鎴栬秴婊ょ瓑鏂规硶涓嶈兘浣垮畠浠笌閰惰泲鐧藉垎寮�锛?/p>
鍙嶄箣涓よ�呬互闈炲叡浠烽敭鐩歌繛鐨勭О涓鸿緟閰?/p>
(coenzyme)
锛屽彲鐢ㄤ笂杩版柟娉曟妸涓よ�呭垎寮�銆傝〃
4-1
涓轰互閲?/p>
灞炵瀛愪綔缁撳悎閰惰緟鍔╁洜瀛愮殑涓�浜涗緥瀛愩�傝〃
4-2
鍒楀嚭鍚?/p>
B
鏃忕淮鐢熺礌鐨勫嚑绉嶈緟閰?/p>
(
鍩?/p>
)
鍙婂叾鍙備笌鐨?/p>
鍙嶅簲銆?/p>
缁撳悎閰朵腑鐨勯噾灞炵瀛愭湁澶氭柟闈㈠姛鑳斤紝瀹冧滑鍙兘鏄叾娲绘�т腑蹇冪殑缁勬垚鎴愬垎锛涙湁鐨勫彲鑳藉湪绋?/p>
瀹氶叾鍒嗗瓙鐨勬瀯璞′笂璧蜂綔鐢紱鏈夌殑鍙兘浣滀负妗ユ浣块叾涓庡簳鐗╃浉杩炴帴銆傝緟閰朵笌杈呭熀鍦ㄥ偓鍖栧弽搴斾腑
浣滀负姘?/p>
(H+
鍜?/p>
e)
鎴栨煇浜涘寲瀛﹀熀鍥㈢殑杞戒綋锛岃捣浼犻�掓阿鎴栧寲瀛﹀熀鍥㈢殑浣滅敤銆備綋鍐呴叾鐨勭绫诲緢澶氾紝浣?/p>
閰剁殑杈呭姪鍥犲瓙绉嶇被骞朵笉澶氾紝浠庤〃
4
鈥?/p>
1
涓凡瑙佸埌鍑犵閰跺潎鐢ㄦ煇绉嶇浉鍚岀殑閲戝睘绂诲瓙浣滀负杈呭姪鍥犲瓙
鐨勪緥瀛愶紝鍚屾牱鐨勬儏鍐典害瑙佷簬杈呴叾涓庤緟鍩猴紝濡?/p>
3-
纾烽吀鐢樻补閱涜劚姘㈤叾鍜屼钩閰歌劚姘㈤叾鍧囦互
NAD+
浣滀负
杈呴叾銆傞叾鍌寲鍙嶅簲鐨勭壒寮傛�у喅瀹氫簬閰惰泲鐧介儴鍒嗭紝鑰岃緟閰朵笌杈呭熀鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鍙備笌鍏蜂綋鐨勫弽搴旇繃绋?/p>
涓阿
(H+
鍜?/p>
e)
鍙婁竴浜涚壒娈婂寲瀛﹀熀鍥㈢殑杩愯浇銆?/p>
浜屻�侀叾鐨勬椿鎬т腑蹇?/p>
閰跺睘鐢熺墿澶у垎瀛愶紝鍒嗗瓙璐ㄩ噺鑷冲皯鍦?/p>
1
涓囦互涓婏紝澶х殑鍙揪鐧句竾銆傞叾鐨勫偓鍖栦綔鐢ㄦ湁璧栦簬閰跺垎
瀛愮殑涓�绾х粨鏋勫強绌洪棿缁撴瀯鐨勫畬鏁淬�傝嫢閰跺垎瀛愬彉鎬ф垨浜氬熀瑙ｈ仛鍧囧彲瀵艰嚧閰舵椿鎬т抚澶便�備竴涓�煎緱
娉ㄦ剰鐨勯棶棰樻槸閰舵墍鍌寲鐨勫弽搴旂墿鍗冲簳鐗╋紙
substrate
锛?/p>
锛屽嵈澶у涓哄皬鍒嗙墿璐ㄥ畠浠殑鍒嗗瓙璐ㄩ噺姣?/p>
閰惰灏忓嚑涓暟閲忕骇銆?/p>
閰剁殑娲绘�т腑蹇冿紙
active center
锛夊彧鏄叾鍒嗗瓙涓殑寰堝皬閮ㄥ垎锛岄叾铔嬬櫧鐨勫ぇ閮ㄥ垎姘ㄥ熀閰告畫鍩?/p>
骞朵笉涓庡簳鐗╂帴瑙︺�?/p>
缁勬垚閰舵椿鎬т腑蹇冪殑姘ㄥ熀閰告畫鍩虹殑渚ч摼瀛樺湪涓嶅悓鐨勫姛鑳藉熀鍥紝
濡?/p>
-NH2
銆?/p>
-COOH
銆?/p>
-SH
銆?/p>
-OH
鍜屽挭鍞戝熀绛夛紝瀹冧滑鏉ヨ嚜閰跺垎瀛愬鑲介摼鐨勪笉鍚岄儴浣嶃�傛湁鐨勫熀鍥㈠湪涓庡簳鐗╃粨鍚堟椂璧风粨鍚?/p>
鍩哄洟
(binding group)
鐨勪綔鐢紝鏈夌殑鍦ㄥ偓鍖栧弽搴斾腑璧峰偓鍖栧熀鍥?/p>
(catalytic group)
鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ�備絾
鏈夌殑鍩哄洟鏃㈠湪缁撳悎涓捣浣滅敤锛屽張鍦ㄥ偓鍖栦腑璧蜂綔鐢紝鎵�浠ュ父灏嗘椿鎬ч儴浣嶇殑鍔熻兘鍩哄洟缁熺О涓哄繀闇�
鍩哄洟
(essential group)
銆傚畠浠�氳繃澶氳偨閾剧殑鐩樻洸鎶樺彔锛岀粍鎴愪竴涓湪閰跺垎瀛愯〃闈€�佸叿鏈変笁缁寸┖
闂寸粨鏋勭殑瀛旂┐鎴栬闅欙紝浠ュ绾宠繘鍏ョ殑搴曠墿涓庝箣缁撳悎锛堝浘
4-1
锛夊苟鍌寲搴曠墿杞彉涓轰骇鐗╋紝杩欎釜鍖?/p>
鍩熷嵆绉颁负閰剁殑娲绘�т腑蹇冦�?/p>
鑰岄叾娲绘�т腑蹇冧互澶栫殑鍔熻兘闆嗗洟鍒欏湪褰㈡垚骞剁淮鎸侀叾鐨勭┖闂存瀯璞′笂涔熸槸蹇呴渶鐨勶紝鏁呯О涓烘椿鎬?/p>
涓績浠ュ鐨勫繀闇�鍩哄洟銆傚闇�瑕佽緟鍔╁洜瀛愮殑閰舵潵璇达紝杈呭姪鍥犲瓙涔熸槸娲绘�т腑蹇冪殑缁勬垚閮ㄥ垎銆傞叾鍌?/p>
鍖栧弽搴旂殑鐗瑰紓鎬у疄闄呬笂鍐冲畾浜庨叾娲绘�т腑蹇冪殑缁撳悎鍩哄洟銆佸偓鍖栧熀鍥㈠強鍏剁┖闂寸粨鏋勩�?/p>
涓夈�侀叾鐨勫垎瀛愮粨鏋勪笌鍌寲娲绘�х殑鍏崇郴
閰剁殑鍒嗗瓙缁撴瀯鐨勫熀纭�鏄叾姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑搴忓垪锛屽畠鍐冲畾鐫�閰剁殑绌洪棿缁撴瀯鍜屾椿鎬т腑蹇冪殑褰㈡垚浠ュ強
閰跺偓鍖栫殑涓撲竴鎬с�傚鍝轰钩鍔ㄧ墿涓殑纾烽吀鐢樻补閱涜劚姘㈤叾鐨勬皑鍩洪吀娈嬪熀搴忓垪鍑犱箮瀹屽叏鐩稿悓锛岃鏄?