鍖诲鍏嶇柅瀛﹀悕璇嶈В閲婇儴鍒?/p>
鍏嶇柅
(immunity)
锛氭槸鏈轰綋璇嗗埆
鈥?/p>
鑷繁
鈥?/p>
,
鎺掗櫎
鈥?/p>
寮傚繁锛堥潪宸憋級
鈥?/p>
杩囩▼涓墍浜х敓鐨勭敓鐗╁鏁堝簲鐨勬�诲拰锛屾甯告儏鍐典笅鏄淮鎸佸唴鐜绋冲畾鐨勪竴绉嶇敓鐞嗘�ч槻寰″姛鑳姐�?/p>
姝ｅ父鎯呭喌涓嬶紝瀵规満浣撴湁鍒╋紱鍏嶇柅鍔熻兘澶辫皟鏃讹紝浼氫骇鐢熷鏈轰綋鏈夊鐨勫弽搴斻�?/p>
1.
鍥烘湁鍏嶇柅搴旂瓟
(innate
immune
response)
锛氫篃绉伴潪鐗瑰紓鎬у厤鐤紝鏄湪缇や綋闀挎湡杩涘寲杩囩▼涓�愭笎褰㈡垚鐨勯槻寰″姛鑳斤紝涔冪粡閬椾紶鑰岃幏寰楋紝鑰屽苟闈為拡瀵圭壒瀹氭姉
鍘燂紝灞炲ぉ鐒跺厤鐤�傚厛澶╁叿鏈夛紱鏃犵壒寮傛�э紱鏃犺蹇嗘�э紱浣滅敤蹇�屽急銆?/p>
2.
绠�杩版姉缁嗚弻鎰熸煋鐨勯潪鐗瑰紓鎬у厤鐤�?/p>
绛旓細鎶楃粏鑿屾劅鏌撶殑闈炵壒寮傛�у厤鐤富瑕佺敱涓夐儴鍒嗙粍鎴愩�?/p>
1
锛庡睆闅滅粨鏋勶細鐨偆绮樿啘鍙戞尌鐗╃悊灞忛殰銆佸寲瀛﹀睆闅溿�佺敓鐗╁睆闅滀綔鐢紱琛�鑴戝睆闅滃彲闃绘尅鑷寸梾鑿屽強鍏朵唬璋骇鐗╀粠琛�娴佽繘鍏ヨ剳缁勭粐鎴栬剳鑴婃恫锛涜儙鐩樺睆闅滃彲
闃绘鑷寸梾鑿屽強鍏舵湁瀹充骇鐗╄嚜姣嶄綋杩涘叆鑳庡効浣撳唴銆?/p>
2
锛庡悶鍣粏鑳烇細閫氳繃瓒嬪寲銆佽皟鐞嗐�佸悶鍣拰鏉�鑿屼綔鐢ㄦ竻闄よ繘鍏ヤ綋鍐呯殑鑷寸梾鑿屻�?/p>
3
锛庢甯哥粍缁囦笌浣撴恫涓殑鎶楀井鐢熺墿鐗╄川锛氶厤鍚堝叾浠栨姉鑿屽洜绱犲彂鎸ユ潃鑿屼綔鐢紝涓昏鏈夎ˉ浣撱�佹憾鑿岄叾鍜屼箼鍨嬫憾绱犮�?/p>
3.
閫傚簲鎬у厤鐤簲绛?/p>
(adaptive immune response)
锛氫篃绉扮壒寮傛�у厤鐤簲绛旓紝涓綋鍙戣偛杩囩▼涓帴瑙︾壒瀹氭姉鍘燂紙鍐冲畾鍩猴級鑰屼骇鐢熴�備粎閽堝璇ョ壒瀹氭姉鍘燂紙鍐冲畾鍩猴級
鑰屽彂鐢熷弽搴斻�傚悗澶╄幏寰楋紱鏈夌壒寮傛�э紱鏈夎蹇嗘�э紱浣滅敤鎱㈣�屽己銆?/p>
鍥烘湁鍏嶇柅搴旂瓟鍜岄�傚簲鎬у厤鐤簲绛旂殑鐩镐簰鍏崇郴锛?/p>
绛旓細
锛?/p>
1
锛夊惎鍔ㄩ�傚簲鎬у厤鐤簲绛旓紱鍥烘湁鍏嶇柅缁嗚優瀵瑰垵濮?/p>
T
缁嗚優鍏锋湁寰堝己鐨勬姉鍘熸彁鍛堣兘鍔涳紝琚崟鏍?/p>
-
宸ㄥ櫖缁嗚優闄嶈В鐨勪骇鐗╁彲鐩存帴婵�娲?/p>
B
缁嗚優锛屽惎鍔ㄤ綋娑插厤鐤簲绛斻�?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夊浐鏈夊厤鐤?/p>
璋冭妭閫傚簲鎬у厤鐤簲绛旂殑绫诲瀷鍜屽己搴︼紱閫氳繃鍒嗘硨涓嶅悓鐨勭粏鑳炲洜瀛愯皟鑺傚厤鐤簲绛旂殑绫诲瀷鍜屽己搴︼紱澧炲己
B
銆?/p>
T
缁嗚優瀵规姉鍘熺殑鍒濇搴旂瓟寮哄害锛?/p>
DC
銆佽ˉ浣撳彈浣撱�?/p>
Fc
纬鍙椾綋鍦ㄨ瀵煎強缁存寔
鍏嶇柅璁板繂涓彂鎸ラ噸瑕佺殑浣滅敤銆?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛夊浐鏈夊厤鐤弬涓庨�傚簲鎬у厤鐤簲绛旂殑鏁堝簲锛涙晥搴?/p>
Th1
缁嗚優閫氳繃鍒嗘硨澶氭暟缁嗚優鍥犲瓙锛屾椿鍖栧悶鍣粏鑳炲拰
NK
缁嗚優锛屾彁楂樺叾鍚炲櫖鑳藉姏鎴栨潃浼ゆ椿鎬э紝娓?/p>
闄や镜鍏ユ満浣撶殑鐥呭師鐢熺墿銆傛姉浣撴湰韬笉鑳界洿鎺ユ竻闄ょ梾鍘熺敓鐗╋紝鍙湁鍦ㄥ悶鍣粏鑳炲拰
NK
缁嗚優浠ュ強琛ヤ綋鐨勫弬涓庝笅锛岄�氳繃璋冪悊鍚炲櫖鎴?/p>
ADCC
绛夋満鍒讹紝鎵嶈兘鏈夋晥鏉�浼ゅ拰娓呴櫎鐥呭師鐢熺墿绛夊紓
鐗┿�?/p>
4.
鍏嶇柅闃插尽
(immunologic
defence)
锛氭槸鏈轰綋鎺掓枼澶栨潵鎶楀師鎬у紓鐗╃殑涓�绉嶅厤鐤繚鎶ゅ姛鑳姐�傝鍔熻兘姝ｅ父鏃讹紝鏈轰綋鍙姷寰＄梾鍘熷井鐢熺墿鍙婂叾姣掓�т骇鐗╃殑鎰熸煋鍜?
鎹熷锛屽嵆鎶楁劅鏌撳厤鐤紱寮傚父鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍙嶅簲杩囬珮浼氬紩璧疯秴鏁忓弽搴旓紝鍙嶅簲杩囦綆鎴栫己澶卞彲鍙戠敓鍏嶇柅缂洪櫡銆?/p>
5.
鍏嶇柅鑷ǔ
(immunologic homeostasis)
锛氭槸鏈轰綋鍏嶇柅绯荤粺缁存寔鍐呯幆澧冪ǔ瀹氱殑涓�绉嶇敓鐞嗗姛鑳姐�傝鍔熻兘姝ｅ父鏃讹紝鏈轰綋鍙強鏃舵竻闄や綋鍐呮崯浼ゃ�佽“鑰併�佸彉鎬х殑缁?
鑳炲拰鍏嶇柅澶嶅悎鐗╃瓑寮傜墿锛岃�屽鑷韩鎴愬垎淇濇寔鍏嶇柅鑰愬彈锛涜鍔熻兘澶辫皟鏃讹紝鍙彂鐢熺敓鐞嗗姛鑳界磰涔辨垨鑷韩鍏嶇柅鎬х柧鐥呫�?/p>
6.
鍏嶇柅鐩戣
(immunologic surveillance)
锛氭槸鏈轰綋鍏嶇柅绯荤粺鍙婃椂璇嗗埆銆佹竻闄や綋鍐呯獊鍙樸�佺暩鍙樼粏鑳炲拰鐥呮瘨鎰熸煋缁嗚優鐨勪竴绉嶇敓鐞嗗姛鑳姐�傝鍔熻兘澶辫皟鏃讹紝鏈夊彲鑳?