1
锛?/p>
Griffith
鏄涓�涓彂鐜拌浆鍖栫幇璞＄殑銆傚苟灏嗗紩璧疯浆鍖栫殑閬椾紶鐗╄川绉颁负杞寲鍥犲瓙銆?/p>
2
锛?/p>
Avery
鍜屼粬鐨勫悎浣滆�呭垎鍒敤闄嶈В
DNA
銆?/p>
RNA
鍜岃泲鐧借川鐨勯叾浣滅敤浜庢湁姣掔殑
S
鍨嬬粏鑳炴娊鎻愮墿锛?/p>
鐒跺悗鍒嗗埆涓?/p>
_
鏃犳瘨鐨?/p>
R
鍨嬬粏鑳炴贩鍚堬紝
缁撴灉鍙戠幇锛?/p>
鍙湁
DNA
琚叾瑙ｈ�岄伃鍒扮牬鍧忕殑鎶芥彁鐗╂棤杞寲娲绘�э紝璇存槑
DNA
鏄浆鍖?/p>
鎵�蹇呴』鐨勮浆鍖栧洜瀛愩�?/p>
3
锛?/p>
Alfred D.Hershey
鍜?/p>
Martha Chase
鐢?/p>
P
32
鏍囪
T
2
鍣弻浣撶殑
DNA
锛?/p>
鐢?/p>
S
35
鏍囪鐨勮泲鐧借川澶栧３鎵�杩涜鐨勬劅鏌撳疄
楠岃瘉瀹烇細
DNA
鎼哄甫鏈?/p>
T
2
鐨勫叏閮ㄩ仐浼犱俊鎭�?/p>
4
锛?/p>
H. Fraenkel Conrat
鐢ㄥ惈
RNA
鐨勭儫鑽夎姳鍙剁梾姣掕繘琛岀殑鎷嗗垎涓庨噸寤猴紝瀹為獙璇佹槑
RNA
涔熸槸閬椾紶鐗╄川銆?/p>
5
锛庣粏鑿屽湪涓�鑸儏鍐典笅鏄竴濂楀熀鍥狅紝鍗冲崟鍊嶄綋锛涚湡鏍稿井鐢熺墿閫氬父鏄湁涓ゅ鍩哄洜鍙堢О
浜屽�嶄綋
6
锛庤繎骞存潵瀵瑰井鐢熺墿鍩哄洜缁勫簭鍒楃殑娴嬪畾琛ㄦ槑锛岃兘杩涜鐙珛鐢熸椿鐨勬渶灏忓熀鍥犵粍鏄竴绉嶇敓娈栭亾鏀師浣擄紝鍙惈
473
涓熀鍥犮�?/p>
7
锛庡ぇ鑲犳潌鑿屽熀鍥犵粍涓哄弻閾剧幆鐘剁殑
DNA
鍒嗗瓙锛屽湪缁嗚優涓互绱у瘑缂犵粫鎴愮殑杈冭嚧瀵嗙殑涓嶈鍒欏皬浣撳舰寮忓瓨鍦ㄤ簬缁?/p>
鑳炰腑锛岃灏忎綋琚О涓烘嫙鏍搞�?/p>
8
锛庡ぇ鑲犳潌鑿屽熀鍥犵粍鐨勪富瑕佺壒鐐规槸锛氶仐浼犱俊鎭殑杩炵画鎬э紝鍔熻兘鐩稿叧鐨勭粨鏋勫熀鍥犵粍鎴愭搷绾靛瓙缁撴瀯锛?/p>
缁撴瀯鍩?/p>
鍥犵殑鍗曟嫹璐濆強
rRNA
鍩哄洜鐨勫鎷疯礉锛屽熀鍥犵粍鐨勯噸澶嶅簭鍒楀皯鑰岀煭銆?/p>
9
锛?/p>
閰垫瘝鑿屽熀鍥犵粍鏈�鏄捐憲鐨勭壒鐐规槸楂樺害閲嶅锛?/p>
閰垫瘝鍩哄洜缁勫叏搴忓垪娴嬪畾瀹屾垚鍚庯紝鍦ㄥ叾鍩哄洜缁勪笂杩樺彂鐜颁簡璁稿杈?/p>
楂樺悓婧愭�х殑
DNA
閲嶅搴忓垪锛屽苟绉颁箣涓洪仐浼犱赴浣欍�?/p>
10
锛?/p>
瑭规皬鐢茬兎鐞冭弻鍏ㄥ熀鍥犵粍搴忓垪鍒嗘瀽缁撴灉瀹屽叏璇佸疄浜?/p>
1977
骞寸敱
Woese
绛変汉鎻愬嚭鐨勪笁鍩熷璇淬�?/p>
鍥犳鏈変汉绉?
涔嬩负鈥滈噷绋嬬鈥濈殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉銆?/p>
11
锛庤┕姘忕敳鐑风悆鑿屽彧鏈?/p>
40
锛呭乏鍙崇殑鍩哄洜涓庡叾浠栦簩鐣岀敓鐗╂湁鍚屾簮鎬э紝鍏朵腑鏈夌殑绫讳技浜庣湡缁嗚弻
锛屾湁鐨勫垯绫讳技浜庣湡鏍哥敓鐗╋紝鏈夌殑灏辨槸涓よ�呰瀺鍚堛�?/p>
12
锛庤川绮掗�氬父浠ュ叡浠烽棴鍚堢幆鐘剁殑瓒呰灪鏃嬪弻閾?/p>
DNA
鍒嗗瓙瀛樺湪浜庣粏鑳炰腑锛屼絾浠庣粏鑳炰腑鍒嗙鐨勮川绮掑ぇ澶氭槸
3
绉嶆瀯
鍨嬶紝鍗?/p>
CCC
鍨嬨�?/p>
OC L
鍨嬨�?/p>
13Col
璐ㄧ矑棣栧厛鍙戠幇浜庡ぇ鑲犳潌鑿屼腑鑰屽緱鍚嶏紝璇ヨ川绮掑惈鏈夌紪鐮佸ぇ鑲犺弻绱犵殑鍩哄洜锛屽ぇ鑲犺弻绱犳槸涓�绉嶇粏鑿岃泲鐧斤紝
鍙潃姝昏繎缂樹笖涓嶅惈銆?/p>
Col
璐ㄧ矑鐨勮弻鏍紝鑰屽涓讳笉鍙楀叾浜х敓鐨勭粏鑿岀礌鐨勫奖鍝嶃�?/p>
14
锛庣敤涓�瀹氭祿搴︾殑鍚栧暥姗欐煋鏂欐垨鍏朵粬鑳藉共鎵拌川绮掑鍒惰�屽鏌撹壊浣撳鍒跺奖鍝嶈緝灏忕殑鐞嗗寲鍥犲瓙澶勭悊缁嗚優锛屽彲娑?/p>
闄よ川绮掋�?/p>
15
锛庡師鏍哥敓鐗╀腑鐨勮浆搴у洜瀛愭湁
3
绉嶇被鍨嬶細
锛庢彃鍏ラ『搴?/p>
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銆佽浆搴у瓙鍜屾煇浜涚壒娈婄梾姣掋�?/p>
16
锛庡綋
DNA
鐨勬煇涓�浣嶇疆鐨勭粨鏋勫彂鐢熸敼鍙樻椂锛屽苟涓嶆剰鍛崇潃涓�瀹氫細浜х敓绐佸彉锛屽洜涓虹粏鑳炲唴瀛樺湪涓�绯诲垪鐨勪慨澶?
绯荤粺锛岃兘娓呴櫎鎴栫籂姝ｄ笉姝ｅ父鐨?/p>
DNA
鍒嗗瓙缁撴瀯鍜屾崯浼わ紝浠庤�岄樆姝㈢獊鍙樼殑鍙戠敓銆?/p>
17
锛庤惀鍏荤己闄峰瀷鏄井鐢熺墿閬椾紶瀛︾爺绌朵腑閲嶈鐨勯�夋嫨鏍囪鍜岃偛绉嶇殑閲嶈鎵嬫锛岀敱浜庤繖绫荤獊鍙樺瀷鍦ㄩ�夋嫨鍩瑰吇鍩?/p>
(
鎴栧熀鏈煿鍏诲熀
)
涓婁笉鐢熼暱锛屾墍浠ユ槸涓�绉嶈礋閫夋嫨鏍囪锛岄渶閲囩敤褰卞嵃骞虫澘鐨勬柟娉曡繘琛屽垎绂汇�?/p>
18
锛庝袱鏍閲嶈惀鍏荤己闄峰瀷鑿屾牚鍙湁鍦ㄦ贩鍚堝煿鍏诲悗鎵嶈兘鍦ㄥ熀鏈煿鍏诲涓婇暱鍑哄師鍏诲瀷鑿岃惤锛岃�屾湭娣峰悎鐨勪袱浜茶弻
鍧囦笉鑳藉湪鍩烘湰鍩瑰吇鍩轰笂鐢熼暱锛岃鏄庨暱鍑虹殑鍘熷吇鍨嬭弻钀芥槸涓よ弻鏍箣闂村彂鐢熶簡閬椾紶浜ゆ崲鍜岄噸缁勬墍鑷淬�?/p>
19
锛庡湪鏅亶鎬ц浆瀵间腑锛屽櫖鑿屼綋鍙互杞缁欎綋鏌撹壊浣撶殑浠讳綍閮ㄥ垎鍒板彈浣撶粏鑳炰腑锛涜�屽湪灞�闄愭�?/p>
杞涓紝
鍣弻浣撴�绘槸鎼哄甫鍚屾牱鐨勭墖娈靛埌鍙椾綋缁嗚優涓�?/p>
20
锛庢牴鎹劅鍙楁�佸缓绔嬫柟寮忥紝鍙互鍒嗕负鑷劧閬椾紶杞寲鍜屼汉宸ヨ浆鍖栵紝鍓嶈�呮劅鍙楁�佺殑鍑虹幇鏄粏鑳炰竴瀹氱敓闀块樁娈电殑
鐢熺悊鐗规�э紱鍚庤�呭垯鏄�氳繃浜轰负璇卞鐨勬柟娉曪紝浣跨粏鑳炲叿鏈夋憚鍙?/p>
DNA
鐨勮兘鍔涳紝鎴栦汉涓哄湴灏?/p>
DNA
瀵间汉缁嗚優
鍐呫�?/p>
21
锛庡ぇ澶氭暟閰垫瘝鑿屾牚鍚湁涓�绉嶇О涔嬩负
2渭m
鐨勮川绮掞紝瀹冧滑鏄皝闂幆鐘剁殑鍙岄摼
DNA
鍒嗗瓙锛屽懆闀跨害
6Kb
锛屼互楂樻嫹
璐濇暟瀛樺湪浜庨叺姣嶇粏鑳炰腑锛屾瘡涓崟鍊嶄綋鍩哄洜缁勫惈
60-100
涓嫹璐濓紝绾﹀崰閰垫瘝缁嗚優
鎬?/p>
DNA
鐨?/p>
30
锛呫�?/p>
22
锛?/p>
绾跨矑浣撶殑鏍哥硸浣撳湪澶у皬涓婄被浼间簬鍘熸牳鐢熺墿鐨勬牳绯栦綋锛岀嚎绮掍綋涓庣粏鑿屼箣闂寸殑杩戠紭鍏崇郴锛?/p>
鏀寔鐪熸牳
鐨勭粏鑳?
鍣?/p>
(
绾跨矑浣撱�佸彾缁夸綋
)
鏄敱鍐呭叡鐢熺粏鑿屾紨鍖栧嚭鏉ョ殑鍋囪銆?/p>
23
锛?/p>
涓濈姸鐪熻弻閬椾紶瀛︾爺绌朵富瑕佹槸鍊熷姪鏈夋�ц繃绋嬪拰鍑嗘�х敓娈?/p>
_
杩囩▼锛?/p>
骞堕�氳繃閬椾紶鍒嗘瀽杩涜鐨勶紝
鑰屽噯鎬х敓娈栨槸涓?
鐘剁湡鑿岋紝鐗瑰埆鏄笉浜х敓鏈夋�у瀛愮殑涓濈姸鐪熻弻鐗规湁鐨勯仐浼犵幇璞°�?/p>