绡囦竴锛氶攤鐢垫睜鎬荤粨
銆?/p>
electrical energy storage for transportation
鈥?/p>
approaching the
limits of,
and
going beyond, lithium-ion batteries
銆嬫�荤粨
鏈枃涓昏璁蹭簡搴旂敤浜庤溅杈嗙殑鐢垫睜鐨勫彂灞曪紝鐩墠閿傜數姹犵殑鍙戝睍鍙婁笅涓�浠ｉ攤鐢垫睜鐨勫彂灞曡秼鍔裤�?/p>
鐭虫补鑳芥簮鐨勪富瑕佷唬鏇胯兘婧愭湁姘村埄鑳芥簮銆佹牳鑳藉拰鍙啀鐢熸�ц兘婧愩�傛按鐢垫槸娓呮磥鑳芥簮锛屼絾闇�瑕佸ぇ鍧濈瓑
鍌ㄥ瓨鑳介噺涓旇緭閫佽窛绂绘湁闄愩�傛牳鑳芥湁鍙嶅皠鎬х瓑鑷韩鐨勬寫鎴樸�傚彲鍐嶇敓鑳芥簮鏈夋綔鍦ㄧ殑鍙敼鍙樻父鎴忚鍒?/p>
鐨勮兘閲忥紝浣嗗叾鍏锋湁闂存瓏鎬с�傝繖浜涜兘婧愰兘闇�瑕侀珮鐨勮兘閲忓偍瀛樼殑鐢垫睜銆傜數姹犲湪姹借溅涓婄殑搴旂敤鏈変笁
绫伙紝娣峰悎鍔ㄥ姏姹借溅
(hevs)
锛屾彃鐢靛紡娣峰悎鍔ㄥ姏姹借溅
(phevs),
鐢靛姏姹借溅
(evs)
銆傛贩鍚堝姩鍔涙苯杞?/p>
鐨勭數姹犲彲浠ユ樉钁楀湴闄嶄綆鐢ㄦ补閲忥紝鍍忔櫘閿愭柉锛屼絾鍦ㄧ函鐢靛姏椹卞姩涓嬶紝鍙兘璺?/p>
2-3
鑻遍噷銆傛彃鐢靛紡娣?/p>
鍚堝姩鍔涙苯杞﹀湪绾數鍔涗笅鍙互鏈夋洿楂樼殑鑸▼锛岄洩浣涘叞绂忕壒鍙互琛岄┒
35
鑻遍噷锛屾棩浜ц亞椋庢渶楂樿椹?/p>
70
鑻遍噷銆傞洩浣涘叞鍜屾棩浜ц亞椋庨兘鏄娇鐢ㄧ殑閿傜瀛愮數姹狅紝瀹冧滑浣跨敤鐨勬槸纰崇數鏋佸拰
limo2
鍜?/p>
limn2o4
灏栨櫠鐭虫贩鍚堢數鏋併�傛棩鏈赴鐢颁篃寮曡繘閿傜瀛愮數姹犮�?/p>
鐩墠鐨勯攤绂诲瓙鐢垫睜鐨勬儏鍐靛鍥句粠宸﹀埌鍙充緷娆℃槸鐢垫睜绯荤粺锛岃礋鏋佹潗鏂欙紝姝ｆ瀬鏉愭枡锛屽紑璺數鍘嬶紝鐞?/p>
璁虹數娴佸瘑搴︺�傜悊璁烘瘮鑳介噺锛屽疄闄呮瘮鑳介噺銆?/p>
閿傜數姹犲伐浣滃師鐞嗗鍥?/p>
涓嬩竴浠ｉ攤绂诲瓙鐢垫睜灏嗘帴杩戜簬瀹為檯鏋侀檺锛岄珮娼滃姏鐨勮礋鏋佹潗鏂欎负锛氬皷鏅剁煶
limn 1.5 ni0.5o4
鍜屾﹦姒勭煶
limpo4,
楂樻綔鍔涚殑姝ｆ瀬鏉愭枡涓猴細
xli 2mno 3 (1-x)limo 2
銆傜幇鍦ㄧ殑閿傜數姹犲ぇ閮?/p>
浠?/p>
c6
涓洪槼鏋佹潗鏂欙紝鐞嗚鐢佃兘瀵嗗害涓?/p>
372mah g-1
锛岀幇鍙戠幇鍏锋湁璺熼珮鑳介噺鐨勬潗鏂欎负
sn
鍜?/p>
si
銆傝秴瓒婇攤绂诲瓙鐢垫睜鐨勭數姹犱负閿傜┖姘旂數姹狅紝浠ラ噾灞為攤涓洪槼鏋併�傞攤纭拰閿傛哀鐢垫睜閮藉湪鐢垫瀬琛ㄩ潰
鍙嶅簲鍒嗗埆鐢熶骇鎴愰攤纭仛鍚堢墿鎴栭攤鐨勬哀鍖栫墿銆傝繖涓ょ鐢垫睜閮藉彈閿傛灊鏅剁殑褰卞搷锛岄�犳垚鐭矾鎴栦笉鍙楁帶
鍒剁殑鏀剧數銆傜～鍜屾哀杩樹細鑵愯殌鐢垫瀬鍜屼娇鐢垫瀬閽濆寲锛岃繘鑰屼娇鐢垫睜寰幆鏁堢巼浣庡拰鐢垫睜鎬ц兘涓嬮檷銆?/p>
li-
s
鐢垫睜鍦ㄤ綆鐨勫惊鐜晥鐜囦笅锛屽叾鑳介噺瀵嗗害涓?/p>
350whkg-1,
娌℃湁杈惧埌棰勬湡鐨?/p>
600whkg-1
銆傞攤姘х數
姹犱互鍥轰綋閿備负闃虫瀬锛屾哀姘斾负闃存瀬锛屽彂灞曞埌鐜板湪锛屼富瑕佸洶闅炬槸閲戝睘閿傚拰姘ф皵鐢垫瀬锛屼絾瀵屽惈绉戝鎶?/p>
璧勩�傚鏋滄哀鐢垫瀬鏀剧數鐢熸垚杩囨哀鍖栭攤锛屾病鏈夊垏鏂?/p>
o-o
閿紝閿傛哀鐢垫睜鐨勭悊璁烘瘮鑳戒负
1752whkg-
1
锛屻�傛鍙嶅簲鏄彲閫嗙殑锛屽彲閬垮厤鐢佃В璐ㄥ壇鍙嶅簲鐨勫彂鐢熴�傜壒鍒殑锛屽綋浠ョ⒊閰哥洂涓虹數瑙ｈ川锛屽儚纰?/p>
閰镐笝浜岄叝锛岃繖浜涘弽搴旂敓鎴愬浐浣撶⒊閰哥洂锛屽牭濉炴哀鐢垫瀬锛屼娇鐢佃В璐ㄥ共鍖栥�備篃鏇剧爺绌惰繃澶氱鐢佃В璐紝
鍍忚仛閱氬瀷锛屽寘鎷鐑凤紝閮芥病鏈夋樉钁楃殑鍏嬫湇鏋佸寲鏁堝簲銆?/p>
li2o
閿傜┖鐢垫睜鏀剧數浼氬鍔犵悊璁烘瘮鑳斤紝楂?/p>
杈?/p>
2691wh kg-1
锛岀敱浜?/p>
li2o
鏈夊弽钀ょ煶缁撴瀯銆備絾瀹冧細鐮村潖
o-o
閿紝浣垮厖鐢佃兘鍔涘彈闄愩�備竴浜?/p>
杩硅薄琛ㄦ槑锛屽彲浠ョ敤娲绘臣鐨勯噾灞炴哀鍖栫墿鍍?/p>
fe2o4,mno2
浣滅數鏋佹垨鐢佃В娑诧紝瀹冧滑浼氫笌
li2o
鐢熸垚
鏈夌己闄风殑鍙嶈悿鐭崇粨鏋?/p>
li5feo4 (5li2o路fe2o3 )
锛岄攤鍜屾哀姘旇
li5feo4
闅斿紑锛屼絾鐢靛帇涓?/p>
3.5v-4v
锛屾瘮鐢佃В
li2o
棰勬湡鐨勪綆涓�浜涖�傜數瑙ｈ川涓惈鏈夋椿娉肩殑
a-mno 2
锛屽彲浠ユ槸姘х數鏋佽揪鍒?/p>
5000mahg-1
锛岃繖鏈夋湜鏈�灏戝厠鏈嶉攤绌烘皵鐢垫睜鎶�鏈腑鐨勪竴涓寫鎴樸�傜瘒浜岋細閿傜數姹犳鏋佹潗鏂欏伐浣滄�?/p>
缁?/p>
宸ヤ綔鎬荤粨
鏈汉浠?/p>
8
鏈?/p>
5
鏃ュ叆鑱屽埌鐜板湪宸蹭笁鏈堟湁浣欙紝浠庝竴涓湭鏇捐笍鍑烘牎鍥殑瀛︾敓鍒扮粡鍘嗙ぞ浼氱（缁冪殑杩欎笁
涓湀閲岋紝鎴戣糠鑼繃锛屾劅鍒板洶鎯戯紝骞镐簭鏈夊叕鍙搁瀵肩殑璋嗚皢鍏虫��鍜屾暀瀵间互鍙婂悓浜嬬殑鐑儏甯姪銆傚府鍔?/p>
鎴戝湪浜虹敓杩欎釜閲嶈杞姌鍙ｏ紝瀹屾垚浜嗕竴娆￠噸瑕佺殑杞彉銆?/p>
婀栧崡鍚堢旱绉戞妧鏈夐檺鍏徃锛屾槸涓�瀹朵互鐢熶骇閿傜數姹犳鏋佹潗鏂欓敯閰搁攤銆侀挻閰搁攤銆佷笁鍏冩潗鏂欎负涓荤殑鐢垫睜
鍘熸潗鏂欑敓浜у巶鍟嗐�傚叕鍙告垚绔嬩簬
2006
骞达紝鐒朵粖骞存寮忓ぇ瑙勬ā鎶曞叆鐢熶骇璁″垝锛屾姝ｆ槸鐧惧簾淇卞叴锛?/p>
姘旇薄涓囧崈涔嬫椂锛屾湰浜轰簬姝ゅ叴涓氫箣闄呭彈鑱樺叆鑱岋紝鍏徃棰嗗涓嶄互鎴戠粡楠屾祬钖勶紝濮斾互閲嶄换锛屾垜娣辨劅璐?/p>
浠婚噸澶э紝铏芥畾绮剧铏戯紝浠嶆亹鏃犳硶婊¤冻宸ヤ綔瀵规垜鐨勮姹傘�?/p>
浠?/p>
2008
骞寸煶娌瑰嵄鏈虹垎鍙戜互鏉ワ紝瀵圭煶娌硅祫婧愭棩鐩婃灟绔殑鎭愭厡锛屽紩鍙戜簡涓�鍦哄叏鐞冭寖鍥村唴鐨勬柊鑳芥簮
寮�鍙戠珵璧涳紝閿傜數浣滀负鏈�绗﹀悎鏂板簲鐢ㄥ彂灞曡秼鍔跨殑鍌ㄨ兘鎶�鏈紝鍚稿紩浜嗗叏鐞冧汉姘戠殑鐩厜銆?/p>
2010
骞?/p>
6
鏈堝浗瀹舵寮忓嚭鍙版柊鑳芥簮姹借溅琛ヨ创鏂规銆傚湪姝ゅ叏鐞冩柊鑳芥簮杩愬姩寮�灞曞緱濡傜伀濡傝嵓涔嬮檯锛屼互鍏徃钁ｄ簨