1
涓撻
锛?/p>
娣峰悎鐗╃殑鍒嗙鍜屾彁绾?/p>
涓�
.
娣峰悎鐗╁垎绂绘彁绾紙闄ゆ潅锛夌殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊
娣峰悎鐗╃殑鍒嗙灏辨槸閫氳繃鐗╃悊鎴栧寲瀛︾殑鏂规硶锛屽皢娣峰悎鐗╀腑鐨勫悇缁勫垎涓�涓�鍒嗗紑
,
骞朵笖鎭㈠鍒板悇
绉嶇墿璐ㄧ殑鍘熸潵瀛樺湪鐘舵�侊紝鍒嗗埆寰楀埌绾噣鐗┿�傝�屾贩鍚堢墿鐨勬彁绾槸閫氳繃閫傚綋鐨勬柟娉曟妸娣峰悎鐗╀腑鐨?/p>
鏉傝川闄ゅ幓寰楀埌绾噣鐗╋紝鍙姹傝鎻愮函鐨勭墿璐ㄦ渶缁堝鍘燂紝涓嶈姹傚皢闄ゅ幓鐨勬潅璐ㄥ鍘熴�?/p>
闄ゆ潅锛堟彁绾級鐨勫師鍒欙細
鈥滀笉鍑忋�佷笉澧炪�佹槗鍒嗐�佺畝鍗曘�佺幆淇濃�?/p>
(1)
鍔犲叆璇曞墏鍙笌鏉傝川鍙嶅簲锛屼笉鑳戒笌鎵�闇�瑕佹彁绾殑鐗╄川鍙嶅簲锛岀畝璁颁负涓嶈兘鈥滅帀鐭充勘鐒氣�濄�?/p>
(2)
闄ゆ潅杩囩▼涓笉鑳藉紩杩涙柊鐨勬潅璐ㄣ�?/p>
(3)
鐢熸垚鐨勭墿璐ㄤ笌琚彁绾墿璐ㄦ槗鍒嗙锛屾潅璐ㄥ簲杞寲涓烘矇娣�銆佹皵浣撴垨姘寸瓑鏄撳垎绂荤殑鐗╄川銆?/p>
(4)
姝ラ绠�鍗曘�佹搷浣滅畝渚裤�?/p>
(5)
娉ㄦ剰鐜繚锛岃姹傛墍閫変笘绾拰鏂规硶锛屼笉鑳戒骇鐢熷鐜鏈夋薄鏌撶殑鐗╄川锛岀畝璁颁负鈥滅豢鑹茬幆淇濃�濄�?/p>
(6)
淇濇寔鍘熺姸锛屽嵆闄ゆ潅缁撴潫鍓嶏紝瑕佹仮澶嶆墍闇�鐗╄川鍘熸湁鐘舵�侊紝鍙畝璁颁负涓嶈兘鈥滄敼澶存崲闈⑩�?/p>
浜?/p>
.
娣峰悎鐗╁垎绂诲拰鎻愮函鐨勪富瑕佹柟娉?/p>
1.
鐗╃悊鏂规硶
(1)
杩囨护娉曪細
涓�鑸�傜敤浜庝笉婧朵簬娑蹭綋鐨勫浐浣撳拰娑蹭綋娣峰悎鐗╃殑鍒嗙鎴栨彁绾紝
鎴栧彲婧舵�у浐浣撲笌涓嶆憾
鎬у浐浣撴贩鍚堢墿涔嬮棿鐨勫垎绂绘垨鎻愮函銆傚绮楃洂鐨勬彁绾紝鍒嗙
KCl
鍜?/p>
MnO
2
娣峰悎鐗┿�?/p>
(2)
钂搁娉曪細鍒╃敤鐗╄川娌哥偣涓嶅悓鏉ュ垎绂绘贩鍚堢墿銆傚宸ヤ笟涓婂埗鍙栨哀姘斻�佺煶娌瑰垎棣忋�?/p>
(3)
缁撴櫠娉曪細涓�鑸�傜敤浜庝袱绉嶆垨澶氱鍙憾鎬у浐浣撴贩鍚堢墿鐨勫垎绂绘垨鎻愮函銆?/p>
a.
钂稿彂缁撴櫠娉曪細閫傜敤浜庢憾瑙ｅ害鍙楁俯搴﹀彉鍖栧奖鍝嶄笉澶х殑鐗╄川鍒嗙鎴栨彁绾?/p>
,
濡傞櫎鍘?/p>
NaCl
鍥轰綋涓贩鏈夊皯閲?/p>
KNO
3
鏉傝川锛屽彲閲囩敤钂稿彂缁撴櫠娉?/p>
b.
闄嶆俯缁撴櫠娉曪細閫傜敤浜庡嚑绉嶅浐鎬佺墿璐ㄧ殑婧惰В搴﹀彈娓╁害杈冨ぇ鐨勬贩鍚堢墿鐨勫垎绂绘垨鎻愮函锛?/p>
濡傞櫎鍘?/p>
KNO
3
鍥轰綋涓贩鏈夊皯閲?/p>
NaCl
鏉傝川锛屽彲閲囩敤闄嶆俯缁撴櫠娉?/p>
(4)
纾侀搧娉曪細
鍒╃敤纾侀搧鑳芥妸閾佸惛寮曪紝
鍙互鎶婇搧浠庡叾浠栦笉鑳借閾佸惛寮曠殑鏉傝川涓垎绂诲嚭鏉ユ垨浠庝笉鑳?/p>
琚搧鍚稿紩鐨勭墿璐ㄤ腑鎶婇搧鏉傝川闄ゅ幓銆?/p>
2
锛庡寲瀛︽柟娉?/p>
(1)
鍖栨皵娉曪細鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑鍔犲叆閫傞噺鐨勮瘯鍓傦紙閰革級
锛屼娇鎵�鍚潅璐ㄨ浆鍖栦负姘斾綋闄ゅ幓锛屼富瑕佹寚纰抽吀鐩愶紝
鎵�閫夌殑閰镐富瑕佺敱涓昏鎴愬垎鐨勯吀鏍瑰喅瀹氾紝鍔犲叆閰歌閫傞噺銆?/p>
濡傞櫎
NaCl
涓?/p>
Na
2
CO
3
锛屽彲鍔犻�傞噺绋�
HCl
锛?/p>
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl
锛?/p>
2NaCl+ CO
2
鈫?/p>
+ H
2
O
(2)
娌夋穩娉曪細鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑鍔犲叆璇曞墏锛屽皢鏉傝川杞寲涓烘矇娣�杩囨护闄ゅ幓銆?/p>
濡傞櫎鍘?/p>
NaCl
涓殑
Na
2
CO
3
锛屽彲鍔犻�傞噺鐨?/p>
CaCl
2
锛?/p>
Na
2
CO
3
+ CaCl
2
==CaCO
3
鈫?/p>
+2NaCl
(3)
缃崲娉曪細鍒╃敤閲戝睘娲诲姩鎬ч『搴忛櫎鍘绘煇浜涚洂婧舵恫涓墍鍚潅璐紙鐩愶級
锛屽皢鏉傝川閫氳繃缃崲鍙嶅簲鑰?/p>
闄ゅ幓锛屽闄?/p>
FeSO
4
涓殑
CuSO
4
锛屽彲鍔犺繃閲忕殑閾佺矇锛屽啀杩囨护锛?/p>
CuSO
4
+Fe==Cu+FeSO
4
(4)
鍔犵儹娉曪細鏉傝川鍙楃儹鏄撳垎瑙ｏ紝閫氳繃鍔犵儹灏嗘潅璐ㄩ櫎鍘伙紝
濡傞櫎
CaO
涓殑
CaCO
3
鍙姞鐑細
CaCO
3
楂樻俯
CaO+ CO
2
鈫?/p>
(5)
婧惰В娉曪細灏嗘潅璐ㄦ憾浜庢煇绉嶈瘯鍓傝�岄櫎鍘?/p>
,
濡傞櫎
C
绮変腑鐨?/p>
CuO
绮夛紝鍙姞閫傞噺绋�纭吀锛屽啀杩囨护锛?/p>
CuO+ H
2
SO
4
==CuSO
4
+ H
2
O