1.3
鑰冪爺鐪熼涓庡吀鍨嬮璇﹁В
I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (
鍖椾簩澶?/p>
2006
鐮?/p>
)
2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (
鍖椾簩澶?/p>
2003
鐮?/p>
)
3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication.
4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba
sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______
5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______.
6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul
es for people to observe.
7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing.
8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (
鍖椾簩澶?/p>
2003
鐮?/p>
)
9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (
鍖椾簩澶?/p>
2004
鐮?/p>
)
10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and
transcription. (
鍖椾簩澶?/p>
2005
鐮?/p>
)
11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (
鍖椾簩澶?/p>
2007
鐮?/p>
)
12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang
uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (
涓北澶у
2008
鐮?/p>
)
13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations
hip between language and society.
14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (
鍖椾簩澶?/p>
2008
鐮?/p>
)
15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran
ces) as
and
. The former refers to the abstract linguistic
linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language
either through speech or through writing. (
浜哄ぇ
2006
鐮?/p>
)
16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study.
17. Linguistic potential is similar to
Saussure鈥檚
langue and Cho
msky鈥檚______.
18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for
鈥渓anguage鈥?
whi
ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking
锛?/p>
listening
锛?
writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more
variable and may change according to contextual factors.
19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is
and performance. (
浜哄ぇ
2006
鐮?/p>
)
20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (
鍖椾簩澶?/p>
2007
鐮?/p>
)
II. Multiple Choice
1.
Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (
澶ц繛澶栧浗璇闄?/p>
2008
鐮?/p>
)
A. Arbitrariness
B. Convention C. Duality
2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (
瑗垮畨浜ゅぇ
2008
鐮?/p>
)
A. tree
B. crash
C. typewriter
D. bang
3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______.
A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal
4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d
ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability.
B. Duality. C. Displacement. D. Arbitrariness:
5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (
澶ц繛澶栧浗璇闄?/p>
2008
鐮?/p>
)
A. articulatory phonetics B. acoustic phonetics C. auditory phonetics
6. Which of the following statements is true of
Jacobson鈥檚
framework of language functions?
A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake. B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf
ormation.
C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic function is to establish communion w
ith others.