鏈?/p>
鏈?/p>
鍖?/p>
瀛?/p>
鎬?/p>
缁?/p>
涓�锛庢湁鏈哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勫懡鍚?/p>
1.
鑳藉鐢ㄧ郴缁熷懡鍚嶆硶鍛藉悕鍚勭绫诲瀷鍖栧悎鐗╋細
鍖呮嫭鐑风儍锛岀儻鐑冿紝鐐旂儍锛岀儻鐐旓紝鑴傜幆鐑冿紙鍗曠幆鑴傜幆鐑冨拰澶氱幆缃崲鑴傜幆鐑冧腑鐨勮灪鐜?/p>
鐑冨拰妗ョ幆鐑冿級锛岃姵鐑冿紝閱囷紝閰氾紝閱氾紝閱涳紝閰紝缇ч吀锛岀晶閰歌鐢熺墿锛堥叞鍗わ紝閰搁厫锛岄叝锛?/p>
閰拌兒锛?/p>
锛屽瀹樿兘鍥㈠寲鍚堢墿
锛堝畼鑳藉洟浼樺厛椤哄簭锛氾紞
COOH
锛烇紞
SO3H
锛烇紞
COOR
锛烇紞
COX
锛烇紞
CN
锛烇紞
CHO
锛?/p>
>C
锛?/p>
O
锛烇紞
OH(
閱?/p>
)
锛烇紞
OH(
閰?/p>
)
锛烇紞
SH
锛烇紞
NH2
锛烇紞
OR
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
C
锛烇紞
C
鈮?/p>
C
锛嶏紴
(
锛?/p>
R
锛烇紞
X
锛烇紞
NO2)
锛屽苟鑳藉鍒ゆ柇鍑?/p>
Z/E
鏋勫瀷鍜?/p>
R/S
鏋勫瀷銆?/p>
2.
鏍规嵁鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绯荤粺鍛藉悕锛屽啓鍑虹浉搴旂殑缁撴瀯寮忔垨绔嬩綋缁撴瀯寮忥紙浼炲舰寮忥紝閿灦寮忥紝绾芥浖
鎶曞奖寮忥紝
Fischer
鎶曞奖寮忥級銆?/p>
绔嬩綋缁撴瀯鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉曪細
1
锛変紴褰㈠紡锛?/p>
C
COOH
OH
H
3
C
H
2
锛夐敮鏋跺紡锛?/p>
CH
3
OH
H
H
OH
C
2
H
5
3
锛夌航鏇兼姇褰卞紡锛?
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
4
锛夎彶鑸嶅皵鎶曞奖寮忥細
COOH
CH
3
OH
H
5
锛夋瀯璞?/p>
(conformation)
(1)
涔欑兎鏋勮薄锛氭渶绋冲畾鏋勮薄鏄氦鍙夊紡锛屾渶涓嶇ǔ瀹氭瀯璞℃槸閲嶅彔寮忋�?/p>
(2)
姝ｄ竵鐑锋瀯璞★細鏈�绋冲畾鏋勮薄鏄浣嶄氦鍙夊紡锛屾渶涓嶇ǔ瀹氭瀯璞℃槸鍏ㄩ噸鍙犲紡銆?/p>
(3)
鐜繁鐑锋瀯璞★細鏈�绋冲畾鏋勮薄鏄寮忔瀯璞°�備竴鍙栦唬鐜繁鐑锋渶绋冲畾鏋勮薄鏄?/p>
e
鍙栦唬鐨勬寮忔瀯璞°�傚鍙栦唬鐜繁鐑锋渶绋冲畾鏋勮薄鏄?/p>
e
鍙栦唬鏈�澶氭垨澶у熀鍥㈠浜?/p>
e
閿笂
鐨勬寮忔瀯璞°�?/p>
绔嬩綋缁撴瀯鐨勬爣璁版柟娉?/p>
1.
Z/E
鏍囪娉曪細鍦ㄨ〃绀虹儻鐑冪殑鏋勫瀷鏃讹紝濡傛灉鍦ㄦ搴忚鍒欎腑涓や釜浼樺厛鐨勫熀鍥㈠湪
鍚屼竴渚э紝涓?/p>
Z
鏋勫瀷锛屽湪鐩稿弽渚э紝涓?/p>
E
鏋勫瀷銆?/p>
2
銆?/p>
椤?/p>
/
鍙嶆爣璁版硶锛氬湪鏍囪鐑儍鍜岃剛鐜儍鐨勬瀯鍨嬫椂锛屽鏋滀袱涓浉鍚岀殑鍩哄洟鍦ㄥ悓
涓�渚э紝鍒欎负椤哄紡锛涘湪鐩稿弽渚э紝鍒欎负鍙嶅紡銆?/p>
3
銆?/p>
R/S
鏍囪娉曪細鍦ㄦ爣璁版墜鎬у垎瀛愭椂锛屽厛鎶婁笌鎵嬫�х⒊鐩歌繛鐨勫洓涓熀鍥㈡寜娆″簭瑙?/p>
鍒欐帓搴忋�傜劧鍚庡皢鏈�涓嶄紭鍏堢殑鍩哄洟鏀惧湪杩滅瑙傚療鑰咃紝鍐嶄互娆¤瀵熷叾瀹冧笁涓熀鍥紝濡?/p>
鏋滀紭鍏堥『搴忔槸椤烘椂閽堬紝鍒欎负
R
鏋勫瀷锛屽鏋滄槸閫嗘椂閽堬紝鍒欎负
S
鏋勫瀷銆?/p>
娉細灏嗕紴鐘堕�忚寮忎笌鑿茶垗灏旀姇褰卞紡浜掓崲鐨勬柟娉曟槸锛氬厛鎸夎姹備功鍐欏叾閫忚寮忔垨鎶曞奖寮忥紝
鐒跺悗鍒嗗埆鏍囧嚭鍏?/p>
R/S
鏋勫瀷锛屽鏋滀袱鑰呮瀯鍨嬬浉鍚岋紝鍒欎负鍚屼竴鍖栧悎鐗╋紝鍚﹀垯涓哄叾瀵规槧浣撱�?/p>
浜?/p>
.
鏈夋満鍖栧鍙嶅簲鍙婄壒鐐?/p>
1.
鍙嶅簲绫诲瀷
杩樺師鍙嶅簲锛堝寘鎷偓鍖栧姞姘級锛氱儻鐑冦�佺倲鐑冦�佺幆鐑风儍銆佽姵鐑冦�佸崵浠ｇ儍