鈥滃厓璇█鈥?/p>
锛氬璇暀瀛﹀垎鏋愮殑鏂拌瑙?
涓�銆佺爺绌剁紭璧凤細涓�涓嫳璇暀瀛﹀垎鏋愯瑙掔殑鎺㈢储
鍏冭瑷�鏄瑷�瀛︾爺绌朵腑鏋佸叾閲嶈鐨勯鍩熷拰璇█瀛﹀鐨勨�滆璇濃�?/p>
锛?/p>
鏈�鏃╃敱鑽峰叞璇箟鍝插瀹跺灏旀柉鍩?/p>
(Alfred)
浜?/p>
1933
骞存彁鍑恒�?/p>
鈥?/p>
meta
锛嶁�?/p>
(
鍏?/p>
)
鏄潵鑷笇鑵婅鐨勪竴涓墠缂�锛岀浉褰撲簬
above
锛?/p>
beyond
鎴?/p>
be
锛?/p>
hind
鐨勫惈涔夛紝琛ㄧず璇█鏈韩浠ュ鐨勪俊鎭�?/p>
鈥?/p>
meta
锛嶁�濈殑鍑虹幇鏍囧織鐫�璇█瀛?/p>
鐮旂┒鐨勮浆鍚戯紝鐮旂┒瀵硅薄鐢辫瑷�鎸囩О鐨勫浣撹浆鍙樹负鈥滆璁鸿瑷�鏈韩鈥?/p>
銆?/p>
鍏冭瑷�鏄竴绉嶆湁鍏宠瑷�鐨勮瑷�锛屾槸鎻忚堪鍜屽垎鏋愬璞¤瑷�鐨勮瑷�銆?/p>
Tarski
涓句緥璇达紝
Snow
is
white
鏄璞¤瑷�锛屽惈涔夋槸瀵瑰瑙備簨鐗╃殑涓�
绉嶅鍦ㄦ弿杩帮紝
鎰忎箟瓒呭嚭璇█鑼冪暣涔嬪锛?/p>
褰撹浆鎹㈡垚
Snow
is
whiteis
true
if and only if snow is white
鏃讹紝灏辫浆鍚戝
Snow
杩欎釜鍗曡瘝鏈韩鐨?/p>
瑙ｉ噴锛屽氨鏋勬垚浜嗕竴绉嶅厓璇█銆傚洜姝わ紝瀵硅薄璇█鏄弿杩板拰鎸囩О瀹㈣涓栫晫
浜嬬墿鐨勮瑷�锛屾槸琚厓璇█鎻忚堪鐨勫璞°�傚厓璇█鍙互鏄嚜鐒惰瑷�锛屼篃鍙?/p>
浠ユ槸浜哄伐璇█锛?/p>
涓庡璞¤瑷�鏃㈠彲浠ユ槸鍚岀鍙风郴缁燂紝
涔熷彲浠ユ槸寮傜鍙风郴
缁熷鍦ㄥ璇暀瀛︿腑锛?/p>
涓�浣嶆暀甯堢敤姹夎瑙ｉ噴鑻辫閲岀殑璇嶆垨鍙ュ瓙鏃讹紝
鑻辫
鏄璞¤瑷�锛屾眽璇槸鍏冭瑷�锛岀敤鑻辫瑙ｉ噴鑻辫鍗曡瘝鎴栧彞瀛愭椂锛屽璞¤
瑷�鍜屽厓璇█閮芥槸鑻辫銆?/p>
浠庤繖涓眰闈㈣�岃█锛?/p>
鍏冭瑷�鍦ㄤ换浣曟儏鍐典笅閮芥槸涓�
绉嶈瑷�锛屼竴涓棤娉曡浆鎹㈡垚鍙︿竴绉嶈瑷�鐨勮瑷�鏄病鏈夊厓璇█鐨勩�?/p>
鍏冭瑷�鍦ㄨ嫳璇暀瀛﹂鍩熶腑涓�寮�濮嬪苟娌℃湁鍙楀埌瀛﹁�呬滑鐨勯噸瑙嗭紝
浠栦滑
寰�寰�鍏虫敞鐨勬槸褰㈠紡鍖?/p>
鈥滃厓鈥?/p>
璇█鐨勮█璇�х爺绌讹紝
澶氶泦涓湪鍏冭瑷�鏈韩锛?/p>
濡?/p>
Hjelmslev
璁ㄨ浜嗗厓璇█鍜岃瑷�瀛︾爺绌剁殑閲嶈鍏崇郴锛?/p>
Jakobson
浠?