1
楂樹笁鍖栧浜岃疆澶嶄範鏁欏妗?/p>
涓撻锛氱瀛愬弽搴?/p>
鑰冪翰瑕佹眰锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夌悊瑙ｇ瀛愬弽搴旂殑姒傚康
.
锛?/p>
2
锛夋帉鎻＄瀛愬弽搴斿彂鐢熺殑鏉′欢锛屼細鍒ゆ柇绂诲瓙鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑鑳藉惁澶ч噺鍏卞瓨銆?/p>
鍛介瓒嬪娍
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夊鍔犻檺鍒舵潯浠讹細濡傚己閰革紙纰憋級鎬с�佹棤鑹查�忔槑銆?/p>
pH=1
銆佺敳鍩烘鍛堢孩鑹层�佸彂鐢熸哀鍖栬繕
鍘熷弽搴旂瓑銆?/p>
(2)
瀹氭�т腑鏈夊畾閲忥紝濡傗�滅敱姘寸數绂诲嚭鐨?/p>
H
+
鎴?/p>
OH
-
娴撳害涓?/p>
1
脳
10
-a
mol/L
鐨勬憾娑蹭腑锛?/p>
锛?/p>
a
鍙?/p>
浠ュぇ浜?/p>
7
鎴栧皬浜?/p>
7
锛夆�炩�炩�濈瓑銆?/p>
鍏稿瀷渚嬮锛?/p>
[
棰樺瀷
1
]
绂诲瓙闂村洜鍙戠敓澶嶅垎瑙ｅ弽搴旓紙绂诲瓙浜掓崲鍙嶅簲锛夎�屼笉鑳藉ぇ閲忓叡瀛樸�?/p>
渚?/p>
1
銆?/p>
涓嬪垪鍚勭粍绂诲瓙鍦ㄦ按婧舵恫涓兘澶ч噺鍏卞瓨鐨勬槸
(
AC)
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
K
+
HCO
3
鈥?/p>
CO
3
2
鈥?/p>
Br
鈥?/p>
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
CO
3
2
鈥?/p>
HCO
3
鈥?/p>
OH
鈥?/p>
K
+
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
Fe
3+
Cu
2+
NO
3
-
SO
4
2-
锛?/p>
D
锛?/p>
H
+
Cl
-
Na
+
SO
3
2-
瑙ｆ瀽
锛氬垎鏋愭墍缁欓�夐」
B
涓細
HCO
3
鈥?/p>
+ OH
鈥?/p>
= CO
3
2
鈥?
+H
2
O
锛涜�?/p>
D
涓細
2H
+
+ SO
3
2-
= H
2
SO
3
[
棰樺瀷
2
]
鍦ㄦ棤鑹查�忔槑鐨勬憾娑蹭腑绂诲瓙闂磋兘澶熷ぇ閲忓叡瀛樸�?/p>
渚?/p>
2
銆佷笅鍒楀悇缁勭瀛愪腑锛屽湪纰辨�ф憾娑查噷鑳藉ぇ閲忓叡瀛橈紝骞朵笖婧舵恫涓烘棤鑹查�忔槑鐨勬槸
锛?/p>
BD
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>
K
+
MnO
4
-
Cl
-
SO
4
2-
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
Na
+
AlO
2
-
NO
3
-
CO
3
2-
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
Na
+
H
+
NO
3
-
SO
4
2-
锛?/p>
D
锛?/p>
Na
+
SO
4
2-
S
2-
Cl
-
瑙ｆ瀽
锛氬垎鏋愭墍缁欏洓涓�夐」
A
涓?/p>
MnO
4
-
鏈夐鑹蹭笉鍚堥鎰忥紝
C
涓?/p>
H
+
涔熶笉鍚堥鏉愭剰銆?/p>
[
棰樺瀷
3
]
鍦ㄥ己閰告垨寮虹⒈鎬ф憾娑蹭腑鍧囦笉鑳藉ぇ閲忓叡瀛樸�?/p>
渚?/p>
3
銆?/p>
(2003
骞存睙鑻忛珮鑰冮
)
鑻ユ憾娑蹭腑鐢辨按鐢电浜х敓鐨?/p>
C(OH
-
)=1
脳
10
-14
mol
路
L
-1
锛屾弧瓒虫
鏉′欢鐨勬憾娑蹭腑涓�瀹氬彲浠ュぇ閲忓叡瀛樼殑绂诲瓙缁勬槸
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
(A) Al
3+
Na
+
NO
3
-
Cl
-
(B) K
+
Na
+
Cl
-
NO
3
-
(C) K
+
Na
+
Cl
-
AlO
2
-
(D) K
+
NH
4
+
SO
4
2-
NO
3
-
瑙ｆ瀽
锛?/p>
鐢遍鎰忔按鐨勭數绂昏鎶戝埗锛?/p>
璇存槑姘存憾娑插彲鑳藉憟寮洪吀鎬ф垨寮虹⒈鎬с�?/p>
A
椤逛腑
Al
3+
D
椤逛腑
NH
4
+
鍦ㄧ⒈鎬ф憾娑蹭腑涓嶈兘瀛樺湪锛?/p>
C
椤逛腑
AlO
2
-
鍦ㄩ吀鎬ф憾娑蹭腑涓嶈兘瀛樺湪銆?/p>
渚?/p>
4
銆佹煇鏃犺壊閫忔槑婧舵恫
,
璺熼噾灞為摑鍙嶅簲鏀惧嚭
H
2
锛岃瘯鍒ゆ柇涓嬪垪绂诲瓙
:Mg
2+
銆?/p>
Cu
2+
銆?/p>
Ba
2+
銆?/p>
H
+
銆?
Ag
+
銆?/p>
SO
4
2-
銆?/p>
SO
3
2-
銆?/p>
HCO
3
-
銆?/p>
OH
-
銆?/p>
NO
3
-
锛屼綍鑰呰兘瀛樺湪浜庢婧舵恫涓?/p>
?
(1)
褰撶敓鎴?/p>
Al
3+
鏃?/p>
,
鍙兘瀛樺湪
__________
锛?/p>
(2)
褰撶敓鎴?/p>
AlO
2
-
鏃?/p>
,
鍙兘瀛樺湪
__________
銆?/p>
瑙ｆ瀽
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
璇存槑婧舵恫鍛堥吀鎬э細
涓�鍒欐湁
H
+
锛?/p>
浜屽繀鏈?/p>
SO
4
2-
锛?/p>
涓夊彲鑳芥湁
Mg
2+
锛堟敞鎰忔棤
NO
3
-
锛?/p>
锛?
锛?/p>
2
锛夎鏄庢憾娑插憟纰辨�э細涓�鍒欐湁
OH
-
锛屼簩蹇呮湁
Ba
2+
锛屼笁鍙兘鏈?/p>
NO
3
-
銆?/p>
瑙ｉ鍥為【锛?/p>
涓�鏄棰樹腑娉ㄦ剰婧舵恫鏄棤鑹茬殑锛屼簩鏄敞鎰?/p>
H
+
銆?/p>
NO
3
-
涓?/p>
Al
浣滅敤涓嶄骇鐢?/p>
H
2
銆?/p>
[
棰樺瀷
4
]
锛氱瀛愰棿鍥犲彂鐢熸哀鍖栬繕鍘熷弽搴旇�屼笉鑳藉ぇ閲忓叡瀛樸�?/p>
渚?/p>
5
涓嬪垪绂诲瓙鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑鍥犲彂鐢熸哀鍖栬繕鍘熷弽搴旇�屼笉鑳藉ぇ閲忓叡瀛樼殑鏄?/p>
锛?/p>
A
锛?/p>