英文合同常用词汇和句型
1、 开场白（合同的当事人背景介绍） 2、 过渡条款
Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described herein-after, Party A and Party B agree as follows:
参考译文：因此，双方基于各自提供之对价订立本合同，并做如下约定： 注释和说明:”in consideration of premises and covenants” 表示“在当事人提供的对价基础上”而非仅指“考虑到…”。读者应重点理解“premise”这个词。在一般场合下它是指与房屋相关的基础不动产或处所，但是在英文合同里边它却变成了“前提条件”。 3、 结尾条款：
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties on the date and year first written above.
参考译文：本合同由被正当授权之人，于本协议于上述记载之日期代表双方当事人订立，特此证明。 注释和说明：
（1）“in witness whereof”的含义类似于中文合同中常见的“口说无凭，立此为证”。 （2）“execute”在英文合同中常解为“签署”，而非“执行”。
4、 favor, “ in favor of somebody”= ”in one’s favor” 的意思主要有两种： 以某人为受益人、有利于某人 5、subject to sth. 1) 遵从、遵守：
This letter of Credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1983 Revision), international Chamber of commerce, Publication No.400.
2) 根据（法律、法规、合同）
3) 作动词用，意思是“服从于…”，“率属于…”，“使经受…” 4) 办理、存在。
5、 Without prejudice to “在不损坏……”。
6、 Any person who does... shall …表示任何做某人之人应。 7、 For the purpose of “就……而言”。 8、 Provided that 但是
9、 Notwithstanding “即使，表示一种让步”。 10、in question “表示该”
11、including but not limited to “包括但不限于” 12、常理解为“有权利做某事” 1） have the right to do 2） be entitled to do
3） do sth. at one’s option or/ and discretion 4） have the authority to do
13、合同英语中“因为”的表达方法 1） owing to
2） attributable to 3） due to 4） in view of 5） by virtue of
14、notify sb. Of sth. in writing: 书面通知某人某事 15、in lieu of: 替代 16、关联企业：
1）affiliate: 广义上的具有法人人格的子公司，只要有参股关系即可，常翻译为“关联公司” 2）subsidiary: 狭义上的具有法人人格的子公司，一般须受母公司控股，常翻译为“子公司” 3）branch：一般指不具法人人格的分支机构，常翻译为“分公司”。
英文合同中常见的用词及句型(Usual Wordings and Sentence Patterns)
第一节 合同常用词(Usual Wording)
当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍：
一、英文合同常用虚词(Usual Function Words)
1. Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则：Here代表this，there代表that，where代表which或what即here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or what
Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。
Herein：in this。此中，于此。
Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用。
Hereof：of this。关于此点，在本文件中。Hereunder：under this. 本文件规定。
Hereto：to this.本文件的。Thereof：of that.它的，其。Thereto：to that 与之，向那里。
Herewith：with this.与此，附此。Thereby：by that means.因此，由此，从而
Thereafter: after that，afterwards.此后。
Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里;在那点上;在那方面。
Therewith：with that.以此;此外。
Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc. 凭此协议，凭此条款等。
2. WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, Know All Men by these presents，In witness Whereof, In Testimony Whereof, Undersigned.WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore用于英文合同前言部分，In witness Whereof用于合同结尾证明部分，在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及，恕不赘述。
In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof. 以此为证，特立此证。
NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS: 兹特立约为据, 本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。 KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根据本文件，特此宣布。(通常用于前言部分) Undersigned: 法律文件末尾的签名者,前面加定冠词the,是指文件签署者的自称。 3. Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite. 即使，尽管。 4. As
合同英语中as出现的频率极高，而且用法灵活多变，是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲，as使用的熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的造诣。As 放在代表规定的provide，stipulate，set forth，prescribe等词的过去分词前，含义为“依照某某规定”。
例1：For purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted hypothetically as provided for in Section 4.6 herein.
基于此，应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资金账户。
另有Except as otherwise provided结构，表示“除非本文/某条款另有规定”。
As构成：as the case may be(视具体情况而定)，as the case may require(视具体要求而定)和 as the Venturers may determine等短语。
As构成as of the date of ____ (date) 短语是英语合同中表示“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表达。
As还用在as soon as practical短语中，意义用法相当于as soon as possible.
As与 such连用是英文合同中一大特色，参看本书第二章第三节部分，在此不在赘述。
5. foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned, in question Foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned一族，一般放在名词前作限定，意为“前述的”或“上述的”，为避免重复已经提到的姓名或名称。
In question: under consideration; being talk about. 通常表示“在考虑或讨论中的”某件事或某个问题，可译为“这”或“该”问题。
6. follows, as below, the following
这一族都表示“下列”，一般放在动词后，而the following作为“下列”在英文合同中用的较少。这样的例子俯手皆是，恐怕每个英文合同都少不了的。
7. according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant to, in compliance with
这一族都表示“依照，根据”合同的约定或者法律的规定。其中尤以“according to”最不正式，自然用的最少了，而“in accordance with”最为常见。
8. Including but not limited to与including, without limitation以及including by way of illustration but not limitation
英文合同表达“包括但不限于”时，就会用到这几个短语。
9. prior to, no later than, on or before，on and after，prior to, on or before，no later than, on or after常用在英文合同中限定日期，prior to表示“某日之前，提前多少日”。on or before, no(not) later than,表示“不迟于”，On and after表示“从某日起”。
10.Without prejudice to Without prejudice to,常用于英文合同中，表示在“不损害某规定/情况下”。
11.Attributable to, due to, owing to, by virtue of, in view of, because of, on account of，considering, in consideration of
这一组短语出现在英文合同中都表示“因为”，其中due to，owing to，because of较不正式，很少使用。
二、英文合同常见实词(Content Words)
1. Represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee
在英文合同中这几个词都表示“保证”的含义。Represent 往往和warrant连用，出现在合同的声明保证部分：
例如：Under FOB terms, the Seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on board the vessel nominated by the Buyer on any date notified by the Buyer, within the time of shipment as stipulated in Clause 8 of this Contract.
根据离岸价格术语，卖方应保证根据在本合同第八条规定的时限内，按买方通知的日期，装 运货物至买方指定船只。
2. Principal place of business (principal office), domicile, business premise, registered office
在英文合同中，这几个词的意思分别是：“主营业地”、“住所地”、“营业场所”、“注册地”。往往出现在前言的“parties”部分。
例如：If franchisee is declared in default of the agreement, the franchiser has the right to conclude the terms of the agreement and also has the right, without notice to execute any dutiful and authorized acts, on the business premise necessary.
如被特许方承认违约，许可方则有权终止该协议且有权未经通知在必要的营业场所采取任何尽责和授权行为。
例如： The Arbitration shall be conducted in the country of the domicile of the defendant.
本仲裁应在被申请人住所地的国家进行。
3. Chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph, subparagraph
英文合同中的“章”、“条”、“款”、“项” 分别用chapter, article/section/clause, paragraph, subparagraph表示。
4. Have the right to do, be entitled to, may do, reserve the right to do, be (duly) authorized to do, have the authority to do, do sth at one’s option or/and discretion, be liberty to do
这一组短语是都表示“有权做”。Be entitled to表示to give sb. the right to sth.(to sth.)体现该权利法律上的强制性。
Reserve the right to do表示to have a specified power of right in law体现法律上规定的权利。而be authorized to do, have the authority to do指经授权而有的权利，至于do sth. at one’s option or/and discretion则指行为人自主决定的权利。
如：The supervision personnel appointed by Party A and its representative shall have the authority to supervise the progress of work and give instruction.
甲方任命的监管人员及其代表应有权监督工程进度并发出指令。
5.Perform, fulfill, execute, implement英文合同表示合同履行时经常用到这几个词，perform表示to do what one
party is obliged to do by a contract泛指双方履行合同的各项责任和义务，而fulfill表示to do everything which is promised in a contract强调合同一方具体履行合同的义务。Execute implement表示则强调具体实施，execute也有签约、生效的用法。
例如：All disputes arising in connection with this contract or in the execution thereof, should be settled amicably through negotiations.
所有与合同或合同履行有关的争议，应通过友好协商解决。
6.Abide by, observe, obey, comply with
这几个词在英文合同中都表示“遵守，服从，”的意思。Comply with的主语通常是Sth.而observe和abide by则的主语通常是Sb.
例如：The delivered equipment shall be installed and tested by Party B and shall fully comply with the technical requirements and processing quality of the contract.
所交付的设备应由乙方安装调试，应完全符合本合同的技术要求和工艺质量。
7. have the legal obligation to do, be obliged/obligated to, shall do, be under the obligation to do,be liable/responsible to do, be liable/responsible for,
在英文合同中这一组短语都表达“有责任、有义务”。Shall do sth.在第二章英文合同特点时，已经述及，在此不再赘述。其他短语的用法，参看下例：
例1：The Company has no legal obligation, absolute or contingent, to any other Person to sell any material portion of the assets of the Company, to sell any material portion of the capital stock or other ownership interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or to effect any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to enter into any agreement with respect thereto.
本公司没有完全或随附的任何法律义务向任何他人出售公司资产的任何重要部分，出售股本的任何重要部分或本公司或其任一子公司的其他所有权权益，或实现本公司或任一子公司的并购、合并或其他的重组或签订有关以上事项的协议。
8.在基础英语中，effect一般作名词，指效果、影响，英文合同中如：come into effect表示生效，sth. in effect表示生效的法律文件。除了这些基本用法外，effect还常用作动词表示“实现”、“完成”的意思。
例如：This contract shall come into effect on the date when it is signed by both parties.
本合同从双方签字之日起生效。
The Buyer shall accept the bill of exchange immediately upon the first presentation of the bill of exchange and the required documents and shall effect the payment on the maturity date of the bill of exchange.
汇票一经承兑交单，买方应在汇票到期时完成支付。
此外，当表达实际上，事实上的含义时，英文合同常用in effect, 而不是in fact.
9.Counterpart, copy, duplicate, original