短暂性动词，延续性动词与现在完成时 姓名：_________
短暂性动词（终止性动词），是指动作一旦发生就很快就结束。它不能和一段时
间连用。这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用。但是，在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
延续性动词 是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：live, work, study, learn, sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。
值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词how long ，in the past+时间段，all these+
时间段，from?to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。
例如：
1.这位老人已经死了十年了。 The old man has died for ten years.（× ）（die“死”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用）
The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.（√）
（die→be dead，die是短暂性动词，表示死的动作，这个动作很快就结束了，变成了表示状态的be dead，dead是die 的形容词，表示死了的状态，可以延续）
2.我买了这块手表五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years.（× ）（buy“买”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用）I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. （√）
（buy→have，buy这个动作在付完钱已经结束了，买完后是拥有have的状态，have可以延续）
3.我离开家乡已十年了。
I have left hometown for 10 years.（×）（leave“离开”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用） I have been away from hometown for 10 years.（√）
（leave—be away，leave这个动作在走了的时候已经结束了，走了以后，是我不在这里的状态，be away表示不在，离开的状态，可以延续）
但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。
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如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
buy / get →have, borrow → keep，have die →be dead finish →be over,
Close→ be closed leave →be away （from） open →be open marry→be married fall asleep → be asleep fall (get) ill→be ill go out →be out get up→ be up put on →wear/be on Move to→live in
come/go/become →be go to school→be in school/be a student begin/start →be on begin to study→study
Get to know→ know wake/wake up →be awake Lose/die/sell/leave→ be gone catch/get a cold →have a cold
join /take part in →be in/be a member of come/arrive/reach/get to→be in return to/come back to/go back to→be back(to)
come(arrive,reach,get) here/go (arrive,reach,get) there→be here (there) 练习：
一、找出下列句子中的短暂性动词和对应句子中的延续性动词。
例：He died 10 years ago. / He has been dead for 10 years. die→be dead
1. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. /He has kept the book for 2 weeks._____→______ 2.He bought the bike a month ago. /He has had the bike for a month. _______→______ 3.He arrived here last year./He has been here since last year. ________→_______ 4. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. /The light has been on for 2 hours.
______→_______ 5. He left here 2 years ago. /He has been away from here for 2 years. _______→_______ 6. The film began 30 minutes ago. /The film has been on for 30 minutes.______→______ 7.They opened the door an hour ago. /The door has been open for an hour.
_______→______ 8.They closed the door an hour ago. /The door has been closed for an hour.
______→______二、选择题。
( )1.Her grandfather ______ for two years.
A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died
( )2.It's six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. For ( )3.His father __ the Party since 1978 .A.joined B. has joined C.was in .D.has been in
( )4.—Do you know him well ?— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
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Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made ( )5.Hurry up! The play ____ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. Began
( )6.It _____ ten years since he left the army. Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. Was ( )7.His uncle____for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the city ( )8.—How long has Robert _____? —Since 2004. A. been in Beijing B. become a policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school ( )9.His father____the Party since 1978.
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in ( )10.-How long have you ____ the library book ?-For about two weeks .
A. borrow B. borrowed C. are borrowing D. kept ( )11.-How long has he_______ this car? -For two years.
A. buy B. bought C. had D. buys ( )12.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away ( )13The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened ( )14. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become ( )15.. You mustn't ________ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left D. have left ( )16.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. ended ( )17.7. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught D. taught ( )18.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became ( )19.I _____ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. am returned ( )20. How long __ he __ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead D. did, died ( )21. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept ( )22.-How long _____ you _____ ill? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been D. have, had ( )23.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from D. Left
( )24.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take D. took
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