英汉互译理论和实践（选修）
例29
原文：He became an oil baron—all by himself. 译文：
例30
原文：Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity. 译文：
例31
原文：Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health. 原译：他们的主人不断切肉、倒茶、上菜、切面包、谈话、笑，还不断祝酒。 改译：
为了使句子更加生动，用一个同义“四字词”加强语气 例32
原文：But there had been too much publicity about my case. 译文：
[IV] 语篇性省略和增补 例33
原文：They were welcomed at the church by its religious leaders who dropped water on their head and blessed them. 译文：
例34
原文：This is something any man would be glad to do for him. It is an emergency. But I am dirty. My clothes are dirty. 译文：
翻译练习
Let’s speak loudly so that the whole world can hear us. Violence against women is not cultural, it is criminal. (Hilary Clinton)
Actually, words and gestures have no meaning in themselves; the meanings are in the people. Successful communication occurs when both communicators attach the same meaning to the same gesture or word. (Stone from Another Mountain David Etheridge) After he had put on his shoes and tied the shoe laces, he lay down on the bed and pulled the covers up to his chin. He let his arms rest under the covers at his sides. He closed his eyes and pretended it was night and pretended he was going to fall asleep. Then he brought his arms up and crossed them over his chest to see how this position would suit him. He kept his eyes closed, trying it out.
On a gold-colored sofa there are two embroidered cushions. One bears the message: “Eat, sleep and remarry,” the other the kitsch observation: “Before you meet your real prince you have to kiss a lot of frogs.” (Inside the Palace Richard Kay and Geoffrey Levy)
词类转译法
名词和动词间的转换
第三章 英译汉常用方法和技巧
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英汉互译理论和实践（选修）
（1）英语中有大量由动词派生的名词和具有动词意义的名词往往可以转译成汉语的动词。 例1
原文：Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong things. 译文： 例2
原文：A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 译文：
（2）英语中很多由名词派生的动词以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，可以将其转译成汉语的名词。 例3
原文：To them, he personified the absolute power. 译文： 例4
原文：In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted （侧面影象, 轮廓）against the sky. 译文：
形容词转译成动词
英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时，往往可以转译成汉语动词 例5
原文：Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 译文： 例6
原文：And moderate alcohol consumption is, we now know, also good for health. 译文：
形容词和副词的转换
（1）英语名词转译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语的副词。 例7
原文：On this question people of different age groups think differently. 译文：
（2）英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。 例8
原文：He asked me for a full account of myself and family. 译文：
（3）由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，有一些英语形容词可译为汉语的副词。 例9
第三章 英译汉常用方法和技巧
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英汉互译理论和实践（选修）
原文：Another war will be the absolute end of our country. 译文：
形容词和名词的转译
（1）英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类人，汉译时常常译成名词 例10
原文：Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 译文：
例11
原文：They were considered insincere. 译文：
例12
原文：Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft. 译文：
（2）形容词派生的名词可以转译成形容词；有些名词加上不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译成形容词 例13
原文：The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 译文： 例14
原文：Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 译文：
介词转译成动词 例15
原文：I barreled straight ahead, across the harbor, and out over the sea. 译文：
副词和名词的转换 （1）副词转译成名词 例16
原文：He is physically weak but mentally sound. 译文：
（2）名词转译成副词 例17
原文：The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor. 译文：
重复法
重复法实际上是一种增词法，只不过增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词，但有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往需要
第三章 英译汉常用方法和技巧
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英汉互译理论和实践（选修）
将一些关键性的词加以重复。 为了明确 例1
原文：I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. 译文： 例2
原文：John is your friend as much as he is mine. 译文： 例3
原文：We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything but our host and hostess. 译文：
为了强调 例4
原文：He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 译文： 例5
原文：Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. 译文： 例6
原文：Out of sight, out of mind. 译文： 例7
原文：Every change of season, every change of weather, every hour of the day produces some change in the magical hues and shape of these mountains; and they are regarded by all housewives, far and near, as perfect barometers. 译文：
为了生动
英文原文中即使没有词的重复，有时为了生动也使用重复。可以用四字词组、词的重叠、四字对偶词组等。 例8
原文：Target priorities were established there. 译文： 例9
原文：I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing. 译文：
例10
第三章 英译汉常用方法和技巧
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英汉互译理论和实践（选修）
原文：He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so grave and gay. 译文：
例11
great contributions gratitude ingratitude prosperity eternal glory to vivid hesitate arrogance careless in chaos street gossip rumors
正反、反正表达法
英语里有些从正面表达的词或句子，译文中可从反面来表达；英语里从反面表达的，译文可以从正面来表达。 例1
原文：He went into the insecure building. 正面表达： 反面表达：
英语从正面表达，译文从反面表达 例2
原文：Such a chance was denied me. 译文： 我没有得到这样的机会 例3
原文：We may safely say so. 译文： 万无一失 例4
原文：It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out. 译文： 后果不不堪设想 例5
原文：We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. 译文： 不会辜负我们的信任 例6
原文：My guess is as good as yours. 译文：我的猜测和你的半斤八两 例7
原文：All international disputes must be settled through negotiations and the avoidance of any armed conflicts. 译文：
英语从反面表达，译文从正面表达 例8
原文：The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations. 译文： 这个疑虑虽经他反复解释仍然有待解决 例9
原文：Don’t lose time in posting the letter.
第三章 英译汉常用方法和技巧
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