4.7Hand-over and documentation
Designers and contractors can help to ensure adequate maintenance by stressing its importance to the client. The client should be advised about the personnel required and provided with the requisite infonnation for maintenance. 设计者和承包商通过对用户强调维修的重要性来保证足够的维修。应当向用户建议所需要的人员，并提供必要的信息以进行维修。 For plant to continue working properly throughout its life it is
necessary for the maintenance and operating staff to be familiar with the principles and methods of running the plant. In addition to a full set of record drawings, two manuals should be available, one for the operating staff (e.g. office manager, caretaker) and another for the maintenance staff. The fonmer should describe such things as the design principles, the method of operation, details of alarms and safety precautions. The latter, larger service manual, should contain the information listed by BS 5 720: 1 979 and reproduced below. 为使设备在整个使用期限内连续正常工作，维修和操作人员必须熟悉设备、运转原理和操作方法。除了全套资料图纸外，还应该有两本手册，一本供操作人员使用（如办公室经理、设备管理员），另一本供维修人员使用。前者应叙述这样的内容：设计方法，操作方法，报警细节和安全预防措施，后者是较大的服务手册，它包括bs5720：1979中所列资料复述如下。List of
documentation required for system maintenance engjneer系统维修工程师所需要的文件单 the designer's description of the installation, including simplified line flow and balance diagrams for the complete installation; as fitted installation drawings and the designer' s operational instructions ; 设计者的安装说明，包括整个安装所需要的支线流程图和对照示意图安装图和设计者操作说明书 operation and maintenance instructions for equipment, manufacturer’s
spare parts lists and spare ordering instructions; 设备操作和维修说明书，厂商的备件表和备件定货说明 schedules of electrical equipment; 电气设备明细表 schedules of electrical equipment; test results and test certificates as called for under the contract
including any insurance or statutory inspection authority（机构，当局） certificate合同所需要的测试结果和检验证书，包括任何保险和法定检查的证书
.copies of guarantee certificates for plant and equipment; 机器和设备的保证书副本 .list of keys, tools and spare parts that are handed over. 移交的钥匙，工具和备件单 British Standard 5 720: 1 979 provides further advice regarding the organization and content of maintenance manuals. These should be available in draft form for checking at the commissioning stage, in addition to as fitted drawings. This will assist those concerned in setting the plant to work efficiently and, at the same time, the manual can be revised to suit any operational changes that may have been necessary,
before they are issued to the client. 英国标准，对维修手册的编排和内容提供了进一步的建议。除了安装图外，这些材料应该以草稿形式，在运转阶段提供以便核对。这将帮助有关人员安装设备，并使其有效运转。同时，手册在发到买方之前，可以进行修改，以适应可能需要的任何操作变化。 Before the plant is handed over, it is necessary that the staff responsible for operating the plant are given verbal
instruction and demonstrations on the principles and operation of the systems. Any such verbal instructions should be given in addition to the
documentation.Maintenance organization设备移交前，有必要对设备和操作人员就该系统的原理和操作给予口头说明和示范。除了提供文件之外，还应该有这样的口头说明
Once the client has accepted an installation from the contractor, the maintenance of a plant of any complexity should be organized to ensure continued efficient operation of the plant, aiming to protect the capital
investment at a minimum economic cost. 一旦当事人接受了承包商的安装，就应该组织对设备的维修，以确保设备连续有效运行，不管这些设备复杂程度如何，目的是以最低的经济成本来保护设备。
The basis of any planned maintenance scheme is a filing system whereby the checks and services to be carried out on any piece of plant come to light at the appropriate time. This can be done by a card index system or by using a computer. When staff complete a piece of maintenance they ought to note down anything which they see to be in need of attention or likely to be in need of attention in the near future, such as bearing running hot which would eventually fail. This enables the repair to be carried out at a convenient time, rather than in a period when
everything seems to fail at once. 任何有计划地维修，方案基础是档案制度，，凭此，对任何一件设备在适当的时候进行检查和服务就一目了然。这可以通过一个卡片检查系统，或使用计算机完成，当工作人员完成一项维修时，他们应该记录下他们需要引起注意的或在不久的将来可能需要注意的任何事情。例如，会引起轴承最终失效的过热运转，这能使维修在方便时进行，而不是一切都似乎失效时才进行维修。 Contract maintenance by specialist firms is often used as an alternative to directly employed labour either for a part or the whole ofthe service. 通过专业厂商进行承保和维修，常常被用来作为一项对直接雇佣劳动力进行部分或全部服务进行选择性措施。Frequency of servicing
Routine maintenance includes inspections, cleaning, water
treatment, adjustment and overhaul. The frequency at which these should be made is normally given in the manufacturers' manuals but these are
average values which are best modified by the actual site conditions and in the light of operating experience. 常规维修包括检查，清理，水处理，调试和大修，什么时候该做这些事的频率，通常在制造厂商的手册中给出，但这只具有一般意义，最好由实际现场情况和根据运行经验进行维修。 The frequency -at which plant is serviced depends on the following: 设备服务频率取决于下列因素：
plant and system efficiency and hence efficient energy设备和系统效率，以及因此产生的有效能量消耗 effect on reliability of service; 服务可靠性的影响 routine maintenance costs ;常规维修费用 fault 'repair costs; 故障修理费用 safety inspection; 安全检查 hours of system operation . 系统运行时数 As part of the routine maintenance inspections, standby and
emergency plant must be checked but not necessarily brought on-line for
long operating periods. Following shut-downs for repairs and plant modifications it may be necessary to recommission the system or part thereof, in which case the appropriate procedures should be followed. 作为常规维修检查的一部分备用设备和应急设备必须经行检查但是不能连接在生产线上长期运行由于设备修理改革装机之后，可能要使系统或者系统一部分再次运行。因此，在这种情况下，应当遵循适当的程序。 It is particularly important to include insurance inspections of pressure vessels and the testing of fire alarms in routine maintenance.Fault-finding在常规维修中，尤其重要的是应对包括压力容器的安全检查和火警预测
Fault-finding procedures may be included in the senr:ice-manual. Though these procedures for individual plant items will often be available