中考语法专项-形容词及副词
形容词
一．形容词的构成。
1简单形容词由一个单词构成。Good, long, green, large, bright, interesting, surprised, learned, developing, sleeping .
2复合形容词由一个以上的词构成。20-minute, second-hand, 500-word, 8-year-old, three-legged, round-trip, part-time, good-looking. 二．形容词的用法。
1修饰名词作定语。She is a beautiful girl . 2 作表语。He is very strong.
3作宾语补足语。Let the door open. You must keep your classroom clean .
4“定冠词＋形容词”表示一类人或物，在句子中可作主语或宾语。We should speak to the old politely.
5大多数形容词既可作表语又可作定语，但少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语。如：asleep, ill, awake 等。 7有些形容词只能作定语而不能作表语。如：many, little, wooden, golden 等。 三．形容词的位置。
1形容词通常放在它所修饰的名词的前面。A heavy box.
2与表示度量的词连用，形容词要放在它所修饰词语的后面。3 metres long. 12 kilometers away .
3与不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing 等连用时，可以放在这些词之后。 Something important . nothing serious .
4当名词前有多个形容词修饰时，一般按下面的词序排列：
冠词（包括物主代词、序数词、基数词）－描述形容词（brave, beautiful）－表示形状（大小、长短、高矮）的形容词－表示年龄或新旧的形容词－表示颜色的形容词－表示国籍、出处或来源的形容词－表示材料、物质的形容词－表示用途或类别的形容词－被修饰的词。My nice small brown leather bag . those large round black wooden tables .
四．*比较级构成（1）规则变化 a. 单音节和部分双音节 +er; 不发音的e结尾,直接加r；重度闭音节，双写后+er ； b.部分双音节和多音节more/less +原级 （2）不规则变化 bad worse worst, good/well better best, far father/further farthest /furthest , some/many /much more most, little less least,old older/elder oldest/eldest * 句型 （1）原级比较 肯定句 as 原级as ，否定句 not as/so 原级as He is as outgoing as me. (2) 比较级than 原级er/ more less than He is healthier than me. He is more/less healthy than me. (3) a lot ,much, a little, even 等可以修饰比较级表程度 He is much healthier than me. (4) 北京的天气比上海的冷。The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. 北京的人比上海的友好。 People in Beijing are friendlier than those in Shanghai. (5) 中国比亚洲的任何一个国家都要大。 China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比非常的任何一个国家都要大。China is larger than anycountry in Asia. （6）No one workers harder than him. 比较级的否定定语最高级。 （7）He is the taller of the two. 他是两个人中最高的那一个 （8）It gets hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热。
She becomes more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越漂亮。
(9) the +比较级…， the+比较级…。 越…，越…。 The more you eat, the fatter you get. 注：very，kind of, pretty ,so too 等程度副词只能+形容词副词原级 五 最高级的用法：（个体用－of ，范围用－in，最高级前面要用定冠词－the） 三种最高级表示法。
最高级：Shanghai is the largest city in China .
比较级：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China . / Shanghai is larger than the other cities in China . 原级： No other city is as large as Shanghai in China . / No other city is larger than Shanghai in China .
副词
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一．副词的种类：
1时间副词：often, always, usually, early, ago, already, before, ever, late, now, soon, since, tomorrow, just now … 2地点副词：here, there, above, below, outside, anywhere, back, down, home, out, everywhere … 3方式副词：hard, well, badly, fast, slowly, angrily, simply, carefully … 4程度副词：very, quite, much, still, almost, little, too, enough … 5疑问副词：how, when, where, why …
6关系副词：when, where, why … （引导定语从句） 7连接副词：how, when, where, why, whether …
8频率副词：often, seldom, usually, never, sometimes, every day, always, hardly … 9其他副词：really, certainly, surely, maybe … 二．副词的用法：
1作状语： He can finish the work easily .2作定语（要后置）： The students here are from Harbin .
3作表语： I must be off now . 4作宾补，构成复合宾语： Show him up . I saw him out with my sister last night .
三．副词的比较级和最高级。（一般加 er / est ,不规则见表） 1副词的原级：
as + 副词的原级 + as “与…一样” B. not as(so) + 副词的原级 + as “与…不一样”
too + 副词的原级 + to do sth . “太…而不能” D. so + 副词的原级 + that 从句 “如此…以致于…” 副词的原级 + enough to do sth . “足够…能做…” 2副词的比较级：
A．A + 动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B
B．副词比较级前也可以用 much, even, still, far, any, a little, a bit, a lot 等修饰。
C．比较级＋ and + 比较级，表示“越来越…”，the more … the more … 表示“越…就越…” D．副词的最高级前通常不加定冠词 the .
形容词（①作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法②比较等级（原级、比较级、最高级）(1)构成-er, -est; more～ ,the most～：(2)基本句型：as+原级形式+as: not as/so+原级形式+as;比较级形式+than; the+最高级形式+in/of) 典型题练习：
1． You must keep your eyes____when you do eye exercises. A. close B.open C.closed D.opened
2． 一people have visited the famous____bridge across the river. A. Millions; 800-metre-long B.Millions of; 800-metres-long C. Million; 800-metres-long D.Millions of; 800-metre-long
3.Mr. Zhang has been____his son____his swimming across the EnglishChannel. A. proud for; because of B.proud of; because of C. Proudfor; because D.proud of; because
4.Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest____writers. He is still____.
A. living; alive B.living; living C.alive; living D.alive; alive 5.If you don't work______enough,I don't think your dream will come______. A. hardly; truly B.hardly; true C.hard; true D.hard; truly 6. -Many people like to read the book Business@ the Speed of Thought.
-That's right. There's____in it．
A. something interesting B.interesting something C. nothing interesting D.interesting nothing
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7.Nanjing isn't so large____Shanghai, however, it's the second____city in EastChina.
A. like; largest B.as; largest C.like; large D.as; large 8． -Do you enjoy Han Lei's songs?
-Yes. He is the winner of the best singer .I can't think of anyone witha____voice.
A. better B.best C.more D.most
9. Mrs. Scott was worried about both of her sons, especially the___ one.
A. young B. younger C. youngest D. oldest 10. -The coat costs 1000 yuan. -Oh, dear! Does it cost _______?
A. so expensive as that B. as much as that C. as expensive as that D. so much as that 11. China has a larger population than _____ in the world.
A. all the countries B. every country C. any country D. any other country
12. In order to keep healthy, you should eat ____ fast food,______ fresh vegetables
and take enough exercise.
A. fewer; fewer B. less; more C. fewer; more D. less; less
13.The number of giant pandas is getting ______ because their living areas are becomingfarmlands.
A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer
14. Now the air in our town is _____ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it. A. very good B. much better C. rather bad D. even worse 15. -Ted, how did you make Father's Day special for your father?
-Oh, we had_____ and made a crown that I expressed my love for him. A. such interesting picnic B. so interesting a picnic C. so an interesting picnic D. such interesting a picnic 16. ____weather is unusual in autumn, so we have to stay at home.
A. What bad B. How good C. Such bad D. So good 17. There's too much noise here. Let's go _______.
A. quiet everywhere B. somewhere quiet C. everywhere quiet D. quiet somewhere 18. He had_____little education that he can't teach____little children.
A. so; such B. such; such C. so; so D. such; so 19. 30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but it's______than we need. A. far more B. very much C. far less D. very little
20. There are ____ people in China than in India. That means the population of China is____ than ____ of India. A. much; smaller; those B. more; large; it C. bigger; more; that D. more; larger; that 21. Bill is ______ of the two English boys. I think you can find him easily. A. taller B. the taller C. tallest D. the tallest 22. -The stuntman is planning to walk on the wings of a flying plane. -What?! I've never heard of idea before. (2015无锡中考)
A. a crazier B. the crazier C. a craziest D. the craziest
23. The food that you bought yesterday should be eaten ______ It may go bad if you don't. A. as fast as possible B. as quickly as you can
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C. as soon as possible D. so soon as you can 24. When the fire broke out, many people were so - that they ran ______. A. frightening; wild B. frightened; wild C. frightened; wildly D. frightening; wildly 25. -I think our chemistry teacher is working hard. He teaches us______.
-Yes, but he hasn't come today. He doesn't feel _______.
A. good; well B. good; good C. well; good D. well; well 26. It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _____ and his eyes ______ A. closed; open B. closing; opening C. closing; opened D. closed; opened 27. -Our holiday was .
-Yes. I've never had_______.
A. such great; the good one B. greatly; a good one C. so great; a better one D. very good; the best one 28. -Doyou know which island is _______ in China?
-Taiwan Island. And Hainan Island is China's _______ .
A. the largest; the second B. largest; the largest
C. the largest; second largest D. largest; the second largest 29. You are doing great! I've never had _____ answer before.
A. better B. best C. a better D. the best
30. Eighteen kids died in the school bus accident in Gansu Province. It's ____ onethat Ihave ever heard of.
A. a very serious B. a more serious C. the most serious D. the least serious
31. -If there are _____ people driving, there will be ______ air pollution.
-Yes, the air will be fresher and cleaner.
A. less; less B. less; fewer C. fewer; fewer D. fewer; less 32. To live a green life, we should try to save____ energy and produce _______
pollution. A. more; less B.1ess; more C. more; fewer D. most; least 33. The____action film has attracted millions of young people to the cinema. A. 130-minute B. 130-minutes C. 130 minute D. 130 minutes
34. She sang a song I believe I can fly in Yangzhou English Classics Reading Contest. I havenever heard a _____ voice than that before.
A. good B. well C. better D. best 35. This schoolbag is not expensive. And the price of it is the _______ of the three. A. lowest B. biggest C. highest D. smallest 36. -Tom, what do you think of the school?
-Oh, no other school is _____ in the city. It's _______ one.
A. better; a better B. the best; the best C. better; the best D. the best; a better 37. What a terrible painting! This is probably the _____ (ugly) painting I've ever seen. 38. -Did you eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival?
-Of course. I love the ones made in Jiaxing. They seem even______ (taste) tome after watching the TV programme A Bite of China.
39. I thought about what she had said and stayed _________(醒着的)all night. 40. It is not polite to ask a stranger questions about his _______ (person) life. 41. The more you read, the ______ (wealth) you will feel in spirit.
42. Neil Armstrong is the first man to walk on the Moon. It was brave of him to go to a placethat was __________(know) to people at that time.
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43. The UK is an old ___________ (Europe) country, where there are many palaces and castles. 44. It's______ (polite) of Tom to push in before others in public.
七．副词（①时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问副词等的用法；比较等级（原级、比较级、最高级）(1)构成-er, -est;more ~,the most~；(2)基本句型：as+原级形式+ as;not+/so+原级形式+as;比较级形式+than; the+最高级形式+ in/of) 典型题练习：
1. I like swimming very much, but now I____swim as____as I used to. A. don't; often B.not; often C.don't; oftener D.not; oftener 2.I'm not sure if I'm going to Tim's party;I may go to the concert____. A. only B.instead C.early D.late 3.It seldom snows in winter here,____?
A. does it B.doesn't it C.do it D.don't it 4. -Can you answer this question?
-Sorry, I can_____understand its meaning.
A. almost B. hardly C. quite D. nearly 5. -What do you think of the football match?
-Wonderful! The Chinese football team has never played ________. A. better B. best C. worse D. worst
6. My cousin wants to keep slim. She does exercise every morning and ___ eats meat. A. seldom B. always C. usually D. often 7. John plays football ______ , if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 8. They have decided to go _____ in China.
A. to somewhere warm B. warm somewhere C. to anywhere warm D. somewhere warm
9. -The electric fan can ______ blow away the terrible smell in the room, can it? -It's hard to say, but you may have a try. (
A. easily B. hardly C. quickly D. finally 10. -I am not sure which tie to wear for the party.
-God! I have no idea, ___.
A. too B. neither C. either D. also 11. Han Han's books are _____written and sell ______.
A. good; good B. good; well C. well; well D. well; good 12. -So many people over there. What's happening?
-A driver drove so____ that his car crashed into a tree.
A. careless B. careful C. carefully D. carelessly 13. What a ___cough! You seem _ ill.
A. terrible; terribly B. terribly; terrible C. terrible; terriblely D. terribly; terribly 14. -The boy doesn't work _____ the others in his class. -No wonder he ____ fails the exams.
A. so harder as; never B. as hard as; hardly
C. so hard as; always D. as the hardest; sometimes
15. Chinese is the language spoken by the ___ number of people in the world, but it'snot as_____as English. A. largest; widely spoken B. large; wide spoken C. larger; widely speaking D. largest; wide speaking
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16. -How is Susan?
-Oh, she lives abroad, so I___ ever see her.
A. hardly B. greatly C. clearly D. nearly 17.We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen_____ we speak. A. as twice much as B. twice as much as C. as much as twice D. as much twice as 18. -Do you consider yourself a rude person? -______ not. I always have good manners.
A. Probably B. Usually C. Generally D. Certainly 19. -Can you tell me why you learn English so well?
-lt's very simple. ___ you work, ____ grades you will get.
A. The harder; the best B. The hard; the better C. Harder; better D. The harder; the better 20. Don't talk to anyone about the bad news____ _ not my mother.
A. hardly B. usually C. especially D. simply 21. He speaks French well, but of course not_____a person born in France.
A. as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly 22. Prince George is _____ lovely that many people like him very much. A. very B. such C. as D. so
23. This kind of plant is _______ seen in our city because it lives 4,500 m above sea level and is hard to find. A. commonly B. always C. seldom D. easily
24. Many countries speak _____________(高度地 ) of China's high:speed railwaytechnologies. 25. The new system is now ___________(wide) used by IT companies all over the world. 26 Reaching the top of the mountain, we were all breathing _______________ (heavy).
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