定语从句
基础训练
1.(湖北教学合作2014届联考)________,“Education is not a filling of a pail, but a lighting of a fire.” (say)
正如叶慈(Yeats)所说,“教育不是把一桶水装满,而是将一把火点燃。”
解析:As Yeats (once) said。考查as引导的非限制定语从句。逗号的前后无任何连接词,所以逗号前为非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中引导词指代主句的内容,且具有“正如, 正像”的意思,故应用as引导此定语从句。
2. (湖北重点中学2014届高三联考)The incident has also put a spotlight on America's card system, the sort of chip and PIN technology that has been in place in Europe for years.(rely)
这个事件也将焦点投向美国的卡片系统,该系统不用依赖在欧洲运用多年的芯片和密码 技术。
解析:which doesn’t rely on考查定语从句。rely on意为“依赖;依靠”。由于本题中逗号前后的两个部分之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句,其先行词为America's card system。在定语从句中缺少主语,故应用which引导此非限制性定语从句。
3. (黄冈中学2014届高三月考)At the airport, we saw Lady Gaga, the world-famous super star, __________________several bodyguards. (alongside)
在机场,我们见到了Lady Gaga这位闻名世界的超级巨星,她旁边有几位保镖。
解析:alongside whom were考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两个部分之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句,其先行词为Lady Gaga,把先行词代入定语从句后为:alongside Lady Gaga were several bodyguards,所以定语从句中缺少介词alongside的宾语,故应用whom引导此定语从句。
4. (湖北八校2014届高三联考) The phrase “Let’s be friends, tuhao!” set off a language shock, ________ in an online conversation. (appear)
“土豪,我们做朋友吧!” 这句话引发了一场语言震撼, 它最初出现在一个网络对话里。
解析:which first/ originally appeared 考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两个部分之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以所填空格处应该是一个非限制性定语从句。定语从句的先行词为a language shock,定语从句缺少主语,所以要用which引导此定语从句。
5. (黄冈润德高中2014届高三月考) The Amazon Rainforest is named after the Amazon River, __________________ in the world. (long)
亚马逊雨林是以亚马逊河命名的,世界上第二大河流。
解析:which is the second longest考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两部分之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以所填空格处应该是一个非限制性定语从句,定语从句的先行词为the Amazon River,在定语从句中缺少主语,所以要用which引导此定语从句。
6. (湖北襄阳2014届高三调研)The achievements of our ancestors in , will shine brightly and open to everyone.(pride)
我们引以为豪的我们祖先的辉煌,将永远闪耀着光芒,并向每个人开放。
解析:which we take / show / feel (a) pride考查定语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,所填空格处为定语从句,其先行词为the achievements。在定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语,所以要用which引导此定语从句。 take / show / feel (a) pride in意为“以……为自豪”。 7. (2014武汉高三起点调研)In fact, everything is actually pretty hard. ( worth)
事实上,值得去做的每件事情,往往都很难。 解析:that is worth doing考查定语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知所填空格处为定语从句,其先行词为everything, 在定语从句中缺少主语,所以要用that引导此定语从句。注意:先行词为不定代词时,不能用which引导定语从句。be worth doing sth. 意为“值得干某事”。 8.(2014湖北八高三月考)A dog is the only thing on earth than he loves himself. (love)
狗狗是世界上唯一爱你胜过爱自己的动物。
解析:that loves you more考查定语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,空格处为定语从句,此定语从句修饰the only thing。在定语从句中缺少主语,所以要用that引导此定语从句。注意:如果先行词前有the only修饰,那么定语从句的先行词可以用that,但是不能用which。 9.(荆州2014届高三质检)Finally he reached a lonely island_______________________ from the outside world. (cut)
最后,他来到了一个与外界隔绝的孤岛。
解析:which/ that was cut off考查定语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,空格处为定语从句,其先行词为a lonely island,在定语从句中缺少主语,所以要用that/ which引导此定语从句。cut off意为“切断, 断绝”。cut off与a lonely island之间为动宾关系,所以定语从句的谓语动词要用被动语态。
10. (湖北重点中学2014届联考)These words, I have just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas _____________ . (think)
这些词,是我编造的,只是代表我们不能想到的事物和观念。
解析:which/that we can’t think of考查定语从句。think of意为“想出;想起”。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,空格处为定语从句,其先行词为thing and ideas,在定语从句中缺少介词of的宾语,所以要用that/which引导此定语从句。
11. (2014届黄冈中学、黄石二中、鄂州高中联考)Much to her relief,the research ______ in the past 20 years proved to be a great success and earned her many awards.(devote)
使她非常宽慰的是,在过去的20年中她全心全意所投入的研究证明是巨大的成功并且使她赢得了许多奖励。 解析:(that/which)she had been devoted to \\she had devoted herself to考查定语从句。Be devoted to=devote oneself to意为“致力于……”,其中to为介词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,空格处为定语从句,其先行词为the research。先行词作介词to的宾语,所以定语从句中缺少宾语,故应用that/which引导此定语从句。在定语从句中作宾语的引导词可以省略。 提高强化
1. (荆州2014届高三质检) Wolves are highly social animals ______________ cooperation. (depend)
狼是高度群体化的动物,其成功依赖于合作。
解析:whose success/ the success of which depends on考查定语从句。depend on意为“依赖;依靠”。分析句子结构可知,题干中含有定语从句,其先行词为social animals,把先行词代入从句为:social animals’ success depends on cooperation,所以先行词在定语从句中作定语,故要用whose引导此定语从句。whose引导的定语从句也可以转化为“the+n. +of which/whom”引导的定语从句。
2. (孝感 2014届高三期末)In the tent, there were many children from the earthquake- stricken area, ____________________ from 10 to 17. (vary) 在这个帐篷里,有许多震区的孩子,他们的年龄从十岁到十七岁不等。
解析:whose ages varied / the age of whom varied考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两个
部分之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句。定语从句的先行词是many children,在定语从句中作主语age的定语,所以要用关系代词whose引导此定语从句;whose引导的定语从句也可以转化为“the+n.+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句。 3. (2014汉阳联考)At first, the way, ______________________ pictures, was laughed at by others, but it didn’t discourage him. (draw)
起初,他绘画的方式遭到他人嘲笑,但那并没有使他气馁。 解析:in which he drew考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两个部分之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句。先行词为 the way, 把先行词代入定语从句后为:he drew pictures in the way, 由此可知先行词在定语从句中作方式状语。修饰the way的定语从句中如果缺少方式状语,那么定语从句的引导词可以是that,也可以是in which, 还可以省略引导词。因为题干中含有的是非限制性定语从句,所以要用in which引导此定语从句。
4. (武昌区2014届高三调研) Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for Lose Yourself from the film 8 Mile, the lead. (play) 埃米纳姆凭借在电影《8英里》中的一曲原唱Lose Yourself荣登奥斯卡最佳原唱奖,在该影片中他也担任主演。
解析:in which/where he also played考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两个部分之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句。其先行词为the film 8 Mile, 把先行词代入从句后为:he also played the lead in the film 8Mile, 由此可知,定语从句中缺少状语,所以要用where引导此定语从句。Where引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which”引导的定语从句。
5. (龙泉中学2014届高三月考)Peter learned German, French and Spanish at an evening school, ____________ fluently now. (speak)
彼得在一所夜校学习了德语、法语和西班牙语,所有这些语言他现在都讲得很流利。
解析:all of which he speaks考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两个部分之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句,其先行词为German, French and Spanish。把先行词代入从句为:He speaks all of them fluently now.由此可知,先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以要用which引导此定语从句。
6. (恩施2014届高三质检)Look out! Don’t get too close to the building, ___________________ these days.(restore)
小心!不要靠近那座大楼,这些天它的屋顶正在被修缮。
解析:whose roof/ the roof of which is being restored考查定语从句。由于本题中逗号前后的两个部分之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句,其先行词为the building, 在定语从句中缺少roof的定语,所以要用whose引导此定语从句。Whose引导的定语从句可以转换为“the + n. +of + which/whom”引导的定语从句,因先行词为the building, 可以用“the roof of which”引导定语从句。根据句意可知,从句的谓语动词要用现在进行时,并且要用被动语态。
7.(2014届孝感高中调研)He made a few friends soon after he transferred to the new school, _________________ he had no difficulty in fitting in. (help)
转学到了新校不久他就交了几个朋友,在他们的帮助下他毫不费劲地就适应了。
解析:with whose help / with the help of whom考查定语从句。本题中逗号前后的两部分之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以所填空格处应该是一个非限制性定语从句,其先行词为a few friends。把先行词代词从句为:with a few friends’ help he had no difficulty in fitting in.,