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英语简单句的五种基本结构：
1. S-Vi (主+谓)， 如：The sun was shining.
2. S-Vt-P(主+系+表)， 如：This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 3. S-Vt-O(主+谓+宾)， 如：He enjoys reading.
4. S-Vt-o-O(主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语)， 如：I gave him a book. 4. S-Vt-O-OC(主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语)， 如：I paint my room pink.
注意：简单句的谓语动词只能有一个，若还要表达动词的意思，可以使用非谓语动词的形式，或者将简单句加上并列或者从属连词变成并列句或者复合句才行。
三段十二句作文法
四、六级作文体裁大多是议论文，而议论文的写作方法通常采用“三段论”法，即第一段提出论题(开头段)，第二段进行论证(中间段或支持段)，第三段给出结论(结尾段)。下面就简单介绍一下写这三部分时的一些技巧。 l. 开头段
常言道：好的开始是成功的一半。文章的开篇出色是给评卷者留下好印象的关键。因此，文章的开头段要适合主题的需要，要有利于下文的展开；简明生动，引人人胜，能激发渎者的兴趣；开门见山，揭示文章主题，交代写作目的，唤起读者情感上的共鸣。 请看下面的开头段：
Today’s TV programs are much too violent. A survey has recently shown that in one week of evenings spent before a TV set, a person may witness eighty一five killings. 这一开头段提出了要展开讨论的主题，揭示了全文的主要内容．并且以难以置信的或出人意料的数字开头，激起读者了解下文的急切愿望。
开头段的写作根据不同的题目可采取不同的方法，常用的方法有以下几种：
(1)引用法：以一段引言作为段落的开头，借助他人的观点来加强文章的力度。引言可以是名人格言、谚语或流行语等。如：
As the saying goes, time flies. How to spend your time properly is becoming increasingly important to everyone.
(2)提问法：提出一个或一连串的问题，以激起读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。如关于“交朋友”一文的开头段：
Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer?
(3)定义法：对题目中关键词作一些简单的(或正面或反面的)解释，限定其范围，有利于引出主题。如：
What is decisiveness? It doesn’t mean act rashly(反面定义)
What is advertisement? It is the words or pictures used on media. TV, for example, to publicize a certain product or give a warning to people(正面定义)
(4)数字法：以针对某一问题客观报道的数字作为文章的开头，可引起读者的注意且具有说服力。这种方法尤其适用于图表作文。如：
The population of US is growing rapidly from 1800 until now. In 1800 the population was less than 1,000,000, but in 1999 the US reaches a population of 250,000,000. This rapid population growth has serious effects on the living environments of wildlife.
(5)故事法：用简短有趣的小故事引起读者的兴趣，从而提出自己的观点。如：
Most of us may have such experiences: when you go to some place far away from the city where you live and think you know nobody them, you are surprised to find that you run into one
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of your old classmates on the street, perhaps both of you would cry out: “What a small world!”
(6)开门见山法：在文章的开头就把自己的观点摆出来，然后展开论述。如：
As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend. Society is made up of individuals, and making friends is a very important part in our life.
(7)间接开头法：以叙述别人的观点开始，引出自己的看法。如：
①People often say that money can buy all things, but I don’t think it is true.
②Some say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn’t love, but money. But the truth is that it is the energy that makes the world go round.
(8)概括法：先概括总结文章内容涉及的现状。然后引出主题。如：
In recent years, while our industries and businesses have developed quickly, the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced. Efforts are being made to prevent people from cutting more trees, but to realize the significance of making cities greener is of great importance.
具体写作时有时不只使用一种开头法，可以综合上述两种或两种以上的方法。比如上述定义法中的两个例子同时兼有定义法和提问法的特点。 2。中间段(支持段)
中间段是用以发展、拓宽开头段中所提文章主题的段落。中间段和文章的主题紧密相关：主题限制着中间段的内容，中闯段必须支持主题，即中间段的内容必须从不同的角度说明、叙述、论证文章的主题。中间段常用的表达方法主要有例证法、比较与对比法、因果法等。试看下面两篇文章的中间段：
As an English learner! I find it very difficult to form a language sense. It is because I always try to translate every word or sentence into Chinese. Whenever I want to express myself either in writing or in speaking, I often think in Chinese first, and then put it into English As a result, I make little progress in my English study.
此中间段用因果法展开段落，说明产生问题的原因：always translate English into Chinese。The discrimination against women is very obvious in reality. In the factory or office, it is a female worker or clerk not a male one who is laid off first. In the poor family, it is the girl not the boy who has to drop out of school. In the college, it is difficult for girl students to find good jobs. What a pity!
此中间段用了例证法(In the factory or office，In the poor family，in the college)和对比法(it is ROt)来展开段落。段中使用了三个平行旬说明现实中的男女不平等现象。
3．结尾段
结尾段是文章的总结和主题思想的升华，它应起到再次肯定和强调主题的作用。好的结尾段应简短有力，言简意赅，意味深长。总之．文章的结尾应该遵循两条原则：一是照应开头；二是总结全文，给读者一个完整的印象。和文章的开头一样，文章的结尾方法也是多种多样的，而非千篇一律。常见方法有如下几种：
(1)总结法或重述法：在结尾段概括重述全文的中心思想，但不要简单重复主题旬，而要在思想上保持一致，在句式和措辞上有所变化。例如在论述电视的优劣时，文章可以这样结尾：
On the whole there are more advantages than disadvantages in the use of TV. Yet different people have different attitudes toward TV. But we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it.
(2)建议法：就前文提到的问题进行分析、比较之后，往往提出一些解决问题的方法或
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建议，此法尤其适用于有争议的问题或说理性的文章。如：
It is high time for government of developing countries to do something to encourage their people to eat the fight kinds of food so as to help them improve their health conditions.
(3)评价法：在结尾处结合自己的实际，对文章中提到的观点进行评价，明确个人的立场，或淡出个人的喜好、做法。比如考题要求考生写出保持健康的方法，并说明自己的健身途径，那么文章可以这样结尾：
As to my practices, I jog for half an hour in the morning every day, play basketball in the afternoon and go swimming on weekends. The regular physical exercises make me strong and healthy.
(4) 引语法：用格言、谚语或习语来总结全文。所引用的名言一定要与前面的观点相符，以让读者接受论点。例如关于“Books”一文的结尾：
In particular, I enjoy what Francis Bacon said “Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.”
(5)预测法：依据上文提出的论点，预测该问题未来的发展，或对读者提出警告或希望。如：
The decrease of tobacco production and the non—smoking campaigns are good signs for us to predict that tobacco consumption should be going down with every passing day while people’s health be getting better daily.
(6)展望或期望法：表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。如：
I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century. As China will open further to the outside world, the language is sure to be spread worldwide.
(7)反问法：虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定，具有明显的强调作用。引起读者思考。如： So, what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health?
以上介绍的就是四、六级作文中常用的“二三段论法”的一些写作技巧。接下来的问题是，这二段的篇幅该如何安排？考生一定希望既让作文达到字数要求又不至于写得太多，因为写得太多，一方面会更多地暴露自己语言上的弱点，另一方面又会占用过多的宝贵时间，还容易离题。解决这些问题的一个有效办法就是采用十二句作文法：
如前所述．四级作文大多是三段式．这样算一下，如果每段写四句话即主题句加两三句扩展句和一个结论句，这样全篇在十二句左右。每一句十多个字，这样就是四、六级作文要求的120—150字。要满足规定的字数要求，又要注意不能写得太多，言多必失。同时要注意分层次来展开主题，而不要写成流水账例如，在讲健康的重要性时，有的同学先说“健康非常重要，”然后就写“吃菠菜非常重要，因为菠菜含有丰富的铁。铁对人是非常重要的，因为 ……”这样的作文就没有中心，像流水账。避免写成流水账的方法是不要就前一句中的一个非重点词序进行描述。