模拟试卷
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分， 满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
What follows are two psychology studies that impressed me. 1．Why Absolute Rudeness Impresses People
If asked，most of us would probably say that we despise rudeness，but research suggests that we also see it as a sign of power.A 2011 study indicates that the ruder someone acts，the more observers believe that he or she is powerful.
The participants of the study read about a visitor to an office who marched in and poured himself a cup of “employee only” coffee without asking.In another case they read about a bookkeeper that flagrantly (公然地) bent accounting rules.Participants rated the rule breakers as more in control and powerful compared to people who didn't steal the coffee or break accounting rules.
In a follow－up experiment，participants watched a video of a man put his feet on another chair，tap cigarette ashes on the ground and rudely order a meal.Participants rated the man as more likely to “get to make decisions” and able to “get people to listen to what he says”.
This study indicates that violating rules is viewed by others as a sign of power，even if the observers would judge those violations as rude or wrong.
2．Visualize Success if You Want to Fail
For many years we've heard that visualizing our success is key to achieving it—but a study conducted in 2011 indicates otherwise.It suggests that not only is positive visualization ineffective，but it may do just the opposite.
Researchers proved that thinking about positive fantasies of success drains (耗尽) the energy out of ambition.When we imagine having reached what we want，our brains fall for the trick.Instead of gathering more energy to get there，we give a relaxation response that is like how we would feel if we'd actually reached the goal.We slide into our comfort shoes—blood pressure lowers，the heart rate decreases，and all is well in the success world of our mind's making.
One of the experiments tested whether thirsty participants would experience an energy drain from visualizing a glass of icy cold water and found that indeed，in even something so basic，the brain responds as if the goal has been reached.
【解题导语】 本文列举了令作者印象深刻的两项心理学研究。
1．The underlined word “despise” in the passage is the closest in meaning to “________”．
A．treat B．judge C．change D．hate
解析：词义猜测题。根据句中．..but research suggests that we also see it as a sign of power可知，此处指我们可能“不喜欢”粗鲁，故答案为D。
答案：D
2．What do we know about rule breakers from the first study?
1
A．People think they are capable of doing things. B．They usually keep a distance from others. C．People usually don't judge them as rude. D．They are often popular with people.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Participants rated the rule breakers as more in control and powerful...和第四段Participants rated the man as more likely to “get to make decisions” and able to “get people to listen to what he says”可推断，答案为A。
答案：A
3．If we think about water when we are thirsty，______． A．we will feel thirstier
B．our brain will act as if we have drunk water C．it will cause a stress response D．we are more eager to get water 解析：细节理解题。根据末段．..the brain responds as if the goal has been reached可知，答案为B。
答案：B
B
As more and more people speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact，half of the 6，000～7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)．
In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizations－ UNESCO and National Geographic among them －have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that_tradition．His recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan，and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs，films，tape recordings，and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.
Now，through the two organizations that he has founded－the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project－ Turin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with
2
speech communities.
【解题导语】 本文叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。
4．Many scholars are making efforts to________． A．promote global languages
B．rescue disappearing languages C．search for language communities
D．set up language research organizations
解析：事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“In an effort to prevent...they reflect.”可知学者们正在努力挽救濒临消失的语言。
答案：B
5．What does“that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Having full records of the languages. B．Writing books on language teaching. C．Telling stories about language users. D．Living with the native speakers.
解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中“But he is not content...without record.”可知“that tradition”是指Turin记录语言。故选A。
答案：A
6．What is Turin's book based on? A．The cultural studies in India. B．The documents available at Yale. C．His language research in Bhutan. D．His personal experience in Nepal.
解析：事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“ ...grows out of his experience living，looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.”可知Turin的书以其在尼泊尔的个人经历为基础。故选D。
答案：D
7．Which of the following best describes Turin's work? A．Write，sell and donate. B．Record，repair and reward.
C．Collect，protect and reconnect. D．Design，experiment and report.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Generations of communities from whom...collected”和“Turin notes the endangered languages...speech communities.”可知，Turin的工作是“收集，保护和使再接合” ，故选C。
答案：C
C
A study found that young people have a stronger and more unpleasant scent (气味) than the elderly，while elderly people's smell was the most distinctive，less intense and unpleasant.Researchers said the change in our smell is driven by the chemicals we release through our glands (腺) and the bacteria on our skin.
To test whether or not it really exists，scientists collected a series of samples from three groups of 12 to 16 donors，aged 20 to 30，45 to 55 and 75 to 95.Volunteers
3