单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
语法精讲
一、指示代词this,these,that,those
在这四个指示代词中,this意为“这”,these意为“这些”,指离说话人较近的人或物;that意为“那”,those意为“那些”,指离说话人较远的人或物。例如:
This is my brother.这是我的哥哥。
That is a blue cup.那是一个蓝色的杯子。 These are her parents.这些是她的父母。 Those are his friends.那些是他的朋友。
当this或that作主语时,be动词要用单数形式is,后面的名词也用单数形式;当these或those作主语时,be动词要用复数形式,后面的名词也用复数形式。
当回答含有this或that作主语的问句,且this或that指物时,应用it代替句中的this或that;当回答含有these或those作主语的问句时,应用they代替句中的these或those。例如:
—Is that your pen?那是你的钢笔吗? —Yes,it is.是的,它是。
—Are these his grandparents?这些是他的(外)祖父母吗?
—No,they aren't.不,他们不是。
【注意】(1)介绍某人时,用this或that,而不用he
成复数句后仍用单数形式。例如:
或she。
(2)打电话时,说自己是谁用This is…,问别人是谁用Who's that?例如:
His friend is a man teacher.→His friends are men teachers.
That is an orange tree.→Those are orange trees.
(2)表示单数的物主代词在变成复数句时可根据实际单数句改为复数句是句型转换中的一个重要题型。将单数句改为复数句常遵循如下规则:
1.将单数句中的指示代词、人称代词、名词及be动词等变为对应的复数形式,如this→ these,that→ those,he/she/it→ they等。例如:
This/That is a pen.→ These/Those are pens. He is in China.→ They are in China. I'm a girl.→ We are girls.
2.将单数句中的不定冠词a,an去掉(某些固定搭配除外)。例如:
It is an orange.→ They are oranges. This is a pen.→ These are pens.
3.单数句中的形容词、定冠词、副词、疑问词、介词等保持不变。例如:
The pen is red.→ The pens are red.
What color is the jacket?→ What color are the jackets?
【注意】(1)作定语表示性别的单数名词在变成复数句时要变成复数形式;作定语表示性质的单数名词在变
Hello! This is Mary. Who's that?喂!我是玛丽。您是情况变化,有时可仍用单数,有时可改为相对应的复数哪位?
二、单数句与复数句的转换
形式。例如:
This is his ruler.→ These are his/their rulers. She is my friend.→ They are my/our friends.
语法精练
Ⅰ.用指示代词this,that,these或those填空。 1.—What's ________ over there (在那边)?
—It's a bus.
2.—Are ________ your pens?
—Yes,they are.
3.—Are ________ your pencils?
—No,my pencils are here.
4.Hello.________ is Jane. Is ________ Peter?
5.Bob,________ is my good friend,Mike. Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。 6.Are those your sisters?(作否定回答)
No,________ ________. 7.Is that a cup?(作肯定回答)
Yes,________ ________. 8.What is that?(改为复数句)
What ________ ________?
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9.They're orange jackets.(改为单数句)
________ ________ orange jacket. 10.Are these your friends?(改为单数句)
________ ________ your friend? 11.She is a nice girl.(改为复数句)
________ ________ nice girls.
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。 12.这些是他的父母。
________ ________ his ________. 13.那是你的朋友吗? —________ is a ruler.
________ ________ your friend? 14.那些电话机是什么颜色的?
What color ________ the ________? 15.她们是我的姐姐。
________ are my ________. 16.——那些是你的弟弟吗?
——是的,他们是。
—________ ________ your ________? —Yes,________ ________.
单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
Ⅰ.1.that 2.these/those 3.those 4.This;that 5.this
Ⅱ.6.they aren't 7.it is 8.are those 9.It's an 10.Is this 11.They are Ⅲ.12.These are;parents 13.Is that 14.are;telephones/phones 15.They;sisters 16.Are those;brothers;they are
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